黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势的研究

黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势．脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数．兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。

Study on developing tendency of main agronomic characters of mid-maturity soybeans in Heilongjiang province

The genetic improvement tendency of main agronomic characters of mid-maturity soybean varieties developed by Heilongjiang last 20 years showed that plant height, effective nodes, pods with 1,2 seeds, pods with 3,4 seeds, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seeds per pod and seed weight per plant tended to increase obviously, and bottom pod height tended to decrease slightly, number of branch and protein content tended to increase in early years and decrease in later years, oil content tended to decrease in early years and increase in later years, 100-seed weight changed slightly. Significant correlation or highly significant correlation existed between seed yield per plant and plant height, effective nodes, pods with 3,4 seeds, pods per plant, seeds per plant, 100-seed weight. The contributions of characters to seed weight per plant were in order as follows seeds per plant > pods per plant > pods with 3,4 seeds > plant height > effective nodes > 100-seed weight. The main aim is to increase seeds per, pods per plant and pods with 3,4 seeds, and to take into account plant height, effective nodes 100-seed weight in breeding soybean varieties in mid-maturity.