氮磷钾不同用量及配比对日光温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响

在日光温室内,采用无土栽培方式研究了不同氮磷钾用量和配比对黄瓜产量及品质的影响,结果表明:增加氮素的用量和比例可以显著提高黄瓜产量、单株果实数和单果重,适量增氮可显著提高果实可溶性蛋白含量,但进一步加大用量和比例则使之降低,增氮显著降低Vc含量,增加果实的硝酸盐含量,可溶性糖含量有升高趋势,但差异不显著;增磷对黄瓜产量、单株果实数和单果重亦有明显促进作用,对果实可溶性蛋白没有明显影响,大量增磷可以降低果实可溶性糖含量,增磷可明显降低Vc含量,但显著提高果实硝酸盐含量;同时增加氮磷提高黄瓜产量,但果实硝酸盐含量较对照增加95%。增钾没有明显的增产效果,对单株果实数和单果重影响不大,可以增加黄瓜果实的可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低Vc和可溶性糖含量,但相对于增氮、增磷,增钾使Vc下降的幅度较小,显著降低果实硝酸盐含量,且用量和比例越大,效果越明显。

Effects of different amounts and ratios of NPK on the yield and quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of different NPK amounts and rates on the yield and quality of soilless cultured cucumber (Curcumas sativa L) in solar greenhouse. The results showed that:Cucumber yields and fruit number per vine and fruit weight raised significantly by increasing the amount and ratio of nitrogen, proper nitrogen made soluble protein contents improve remarkably, but high amounts and ratios led to lower soluble protein and vitamin C contents in fruit, higher nitrogen application got higher nitrate content and a positive but unremarkable effect on soluble sugar content. Increasing the amount and ratio of phosphorus also had positive effect on cucumber yields and fruit number per vine and fruit weight, and it had no remarkable effect on soluble protein contents, but the soluble sugar contents decreased when amounts and ratios of phosphorus were beyond the former extent, increasing phosphorus could decrease vitamin C, the nitrate content increased remarkably at the same time. The fruit nitrate content in high nitrogen-phosphorus treatment was 95% higher than that in CK. The yields and fruit number per vine and fruit weight could not increase significantly, but soluble protein contents in fruit increased when higher potassium was applied, vitamin C and soluble sugar contents decreased at the same time. While compared with higher nitrogen and phosphorus, higher potassium made a lower decrease in vitamin C, more potassium could decreased nitrate content significantly, and the effects were more noticeable as more potassium applied,