土壤基础肥力和氮肥运筹对强筋小麦 产量和品质的影响

以优质强筋小麦皖麦38为材料,研究土壤基础肥力和氮肥施用量、基追比例和追氮时期对强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响,分析了产量和品质的关系。结果表明,施氮量在0￣300kg/hm2范围内,施用量、拔节期追氮比例与产量呈二次曲线关系,与籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关。适当增加施氮量和拔节期追氮比例及适期追肥可显著地提高产量,并可使籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间与产量同步增加。在该试验条件下,较低土壤肥力的最高产量的临界施氮量为238.6kg/hm2,拔节期追氮比例35.1%,氮肥施用以基肥 拔节肥为宜;较高土壤肥力施氮量临界值为274.2kg/hm2,拔节期追氮比例47.2%,氮肥施用以基肥 拔节肥或结合挑旗肥为宜。氮肥对较低肥力小麦产量和品质的调节效应高于较高肥力,但较低肥力土壤强筋小麦产量和品质的协调性差,主要品质指标难以达到优质强筋小麦标准;优质强筋小麦生产的技术关键是以优质品种为前提,在较高地力基础上合理运用氮肥。

Effects of Soil Basic Fertility and Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat

Wanmai38, strong gluten wheat, was taken as an experimental material to study the effect of soil basic fertility and nitrogen application methods on grain yield and quality. The result showed that the correlation between the application rate of N-fertilizer, the proportion of topdressing nitrogen and the grain yield were quadric curved lines; and the correlation between the application rate of N-fertilizer, the proportion of topdressing nitrogen and protein content, wet gluten content were significantly positive on the range from 0 to 300 kg/hm2 of N application. To get the highest yield, the nitrogen application methods of applying 238.6kg/hm2, and 35.1% of the topdressing in jointing in field one (lower soil fertility foundation), and the nitrogen application methods of applying 274.2 kg/hm2, and 47.2% the topdressing in jointing or in jointing and booting in field two (higher soil fertility foundation). The key to techniques for strong gluten wheat cultivation with high yield, good quality was to apply N-fertilizer properly on higher soil fertility foundation.