棉花叶片衰老生理研究进展

随着转基因棉花的大面积推广,棉花早衰发生加重,已经成为制约棉花发展的重要因素,有关早衰的研究成为学者关注的焦点。综述了近年来国内外有关棉花叶片衰老生理的研究结果,主要包括衰老过程中各种生理生化指标的变化特征,以及防止棉花叶片衰老的各种调控措施。文中概述了一些常用的棉花叶片衰老生理生化指标,如叶绿素、蛋白质、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧清除系统(SOD、POD、CAT)、激素(生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸、乙烯、多胺)等。大量研究表明在棉花叶片衰老过程中叶绿素、蛋白质含量急剧下降,而MDA含量快速上升,活性氧清除系统酶活性产生相应的变化,各内源激素的含量也具有各自变化特点。针对棉花早衰的生理过程,通过采用植物生长调节剂,氮、钾、钙3种肥料,以及水分、光照、温度、气体等环境因子的调节措施来预防叶片早衰以及对出现叶片早衰后的稳产措施。最后对棉花叶片早衰的研究方向进行了展望。

Advances of Research on Cotton Leaf Senescence Physiology

With great extension of transgenic cotton, premature senescence is aggravated, and has already become an important restricted factor for the development of cotton. Therefore, many cotton researchers focus on the study of premature senescence. This paper reviews physiological researches on cotton leaf senescence in recent years, mainly about the changing characteristics of normal indexes in the aging course, such as chlorophyll, protein, malondialdehye (MDA), active oxygen scavenging system (SOD, POD, CAT) and hormone (IAA, CTK, GA3, ABA, Eth, PAs) etc. A lot of researchers have indicated that the content of chlorophyll and protein obviously decreased when leaf aged, the content of MDA shows an opposite trend, rising fast, active oxygen scavenging system (SOD, POD, CAT) makes corresponding changes and the contents of six kinds of hormones have changed respectively changes. As to cotton premature senescence physiological processes, there are many regulatory measures being studied, such as spraying plant regulators, fertilizing-nitrogen, potassium, calcium and using environment factors water, light, temperature, gases, etc. to prevent premature senescence or in help of getting stable output after the occurrence of the premature senescence in cotton. In the end of this paper, the further of research on cotton leaf premature senescence is prospected.