长白山区野生木本观赏树木调查

依据野外调查结果和有关文献资料,运用统计和比较的方法,评价和分析了长白山区野生观赏树木种类的多样性、观赏特性,生长类型的多样性,调查了在不同景观带野生观赏树木垂直分布的种类和数量及珍稀濒危野生观赏树木的现状和园林用途.调查发现长白山区有野生观赏树木39科、92属、202种.根据观赏特性划分,有观形树木18科、26属、51种,观叶树木 23科、34属、59种,观花树木23科、50属、103种,观果树木29科、51属、105种,观干枝树木8科、8属、21种;按生长类型划分,有乔木25科、44属、96种,灌木21科、46属、94种,藤本6科、9属、12种.野生观赏树木在夏绿阔叶蒙古栎林带里有36科、76属、156种,红松针阔混交林带里有38科、89属、188种,针叶林带里有25科、53属、86种,岳桦林带里有10科、20属、23种,高山苔原带里有7科、10属、13种,高山荒漠带里有3科、4属、7种.国家级野生珍稀濒危观赏树木13科、17属、19种,省级15科、20属、25种.这些野生观赏树木可以在园林绿化中作为行道树或庭荫树栽培,也可做园景树在园林中孤植或片植,用作垂直绿化和制作桩景.本文还就长白山区野生观赏树木资源的保护、利用与引种驯化提出了具体建议.

Investigation of the wild ornamental trees from Changbai mountains

On the basis of our field investigation results combined with analyzing of literature data on wild ornamental tree in Changbai Mountain, evaluation and analysis are made on diversity of species, ornamental peculianties, growth types and in garden uses.We investigated the kinds and quantities of these wild ornamental trees in different scenery zones and present conditions of the rare and endangered species. The total numbers of wild ornamental trees in Changbai Mountain belongs to 39 families,92 genera and 202 species. According to the organs that are of ornamental value, they are divided into 5 types,namely,watch feature trees: 18\26\51;watch leaves trees:23\34\59;watch flowers trees:23\50\103;watch fruit trees:29\51\105;watch branch and root trees:8\8\21.According to mode of growth, 3 types are recogniged,namely, arbor:25\44\96;shrub:21\46\94;liane:6\9\12.These wild ornamental trees are distributed in 6 zones,namely, summer green broad leaf quercus mongolica forests zone:36\76\156; red pine broad conifer mixed forests zone:38\89\188;conifer forests zones:25\53\86;ermans-birch forests zone:10\20\23;alpine tundra zone:7\10\13;alpine desert zone:3\4\7.The rare and endanged trees of country rank are 13 families, 17 genera and 19 species,and of province rank are 15,20 and 25.They can be used as street tree ,overshadow tree, plant alone or agminate in gardens. They can be planted for vertical virescence, and be made to miniascape also.Suggestions are given for protection ,utilization and domestication of these wild ornamental trees.