1950-2006年间黑龙江省大豆品种农艺性状的演变

    为指导未来大豆高产育种的目标性状,对黑龙江省1950--2006年问推广的大豆品种的主要农艺性状变化进行研究.结果表明.品种推广年代与产量之间表现为显著的线性回归关系,产量呈逐年增加的趋势,平均每年提高1.27%;单株英数、粒数也均显著增加,平均每年提高0.54%和0.98%,但百粒重未表现显著变化;经过50多年的品种改良,大豆株高下降14.0%,干物重和收获指数分别提高25.8%和35.1%,抗倒伏性状及子粒病虫害也得到明显改善,而且这些性状与产量及产量性状呈显著相关关系.然而,V3(第3个三出复叶期)～R2期(盛花期)生长速率和LAI(叶面积指数)与品种推广年代间并未表现出线性变化趋势,而且与产量的相关性不大.在黑龙江省大豆品种改良过程中,干物质重、收获指数的提高以及抗倒伏性的改善对产量的提高起到了重要作用.

Agronomic changes of soybean cultivars released during 1950 to 2006 in Heilongjiang Province

To clarify the aim characteristics for soybean high-yield breeding,soybean cultivars released during 1950 to 2006 in Heilongjiang Province were used to investigate agronomic characteristics. The results show that there was significantly positive correlation between yield and year of cultivar release. The soybean yield increased by 1.27% per year. The number of pod and seed per plant also increased by 0.54% and 0.98% per year, respectively, while 100-seed weight didn't change with year of cultivar release. Over the more 50 years of genetic improvement, soybean height decreased by 14.0%, plant dry weight and harvest index increased by 25.8% and 35.1%, respectively. Resistances of lodging, diseases and pests of seed were improved as well. Furthermore, these characteristics were significantly related to yield and yield components. However, the crop growth rate and LAI (leaf area index) during the V3 (the third trifoliolate) to the R2 (the full bloom) stage had no linear relationship with year of cultivar release, and consequently, yield. It was suggested that plant dry weight, harvest index and lodging resistance are crucial for genetic yield improvement.