茶园土壤动物群落特征及其与土壤理化特性的关系

为了解荒地植茶后土壤质量变化趋势及科学评价其生态效益,以四川省名山县生态茶园为例,采用手捡法和干、湿漏斗法,并以相邻人工林地为对照,研究茶园土壤动物群落结构特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系.结果表明:研究区共获取土壤动物11 720只,隶属于5门15纲32目36类;蜱螨目、线虫纲和弹尾目为2种土地利用方式下土壤动物共有的优势类群;茶园土壤动物群落类群数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度、密度-类群指数和群落复杂性指数均小于人工林,而群落个体数和优势度大于人工林;茶园土壤动物群落的季节波动大于人工林;土壤动物密度、类群数、群落多样性及均匀性在土层中分布均呈现一定的表聚性;茶园土壤动物群落仅类群数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现出层次间的显著差异,而人工林群落的类群数、密度、多样性和均匀度均表现出层次间的显著或极显著差异;茶园土壤有机质、自然含水量、速效氮和全氮与土壤动物群落特征呈显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)偏相关关系,而土壤容重、田间持水量、pH、阳离子交换量、速效钾和速效磷与群落特征无显著偏相关性(P0.05).

Characteristics of fauna community structure and its relationship to soil physico-chemical properties in tea plantation soil

In order to investigate the ecological changes caused by the conversion of wasteland to tea plantation in the low mountains and hills in Mingshan County,western Sichuan,the differences between tea and mixed plantations in terms of soil fauna,its community structure composition and vertical spatial distribution were studied in four seasons . A total of11720 individual soil animals were collected by the hand sorting,Baermann and Tullgren methods . They belonged to5 phyla,15 classes,32 orders and36 groups . The dominant groups in both plantation types were Acarina,Nematoda and Collembola . The number of groups,the Shannon-Wiener index,the evenness index,the density-groups index and complexity of the tea plantation were less than those of the mixed plantation,and the difference in the Shannon-Wiener index was significant ( P < 0.0 5),and the difference in the number of groups and evenness index were highly significant ( P<0.0 1) . The number of individuals and the Simpson index of the tea plantation were higher than those of the mixed plantation,and the difference in the Simpson index was highly significant . The seasonal fluctuation of the soil fauna in the tea plantation was more than in the mixed plantation . The numbers of groups and individuals,the community diversity and the homogeneity of soil fauna decreased with the increase of sampling depth . There were significant differences in group numbers and Shannon-Wiener index of soil fauna in different layers in the tea plantation,and were significant differences in number of groups and individuals,community diversity and homogeneity of soil fauna in the mixed plantation .In the microenvironment of the tea plantation,the soil organic matter,natural water content,available nitrogen and total nitrogen showed significant or highly significant partial correlations with soil fauna community indices . However,there was no significant partial correlation of the bulk density,field capacity,pH,CEC,available potassium or available phosphorus with the soil fauna in the tea plantation ( P>0.0 5) .