水稻离体诱变技术的初步研究——Ⅰ.γ-射线对水稻体细胞组织离体培养的影响

以籼稻为材料,研究了γ-射线对水稻不同外植体(成熟胚、幼胚、幼穗等)愈伤组织诱导率、分化率和结实率的影响,结果表明:幼胚和幼穗在培养之前,进行γ-射线处理,照射量不宜超过0.258C/kg;用γ-射线7.740C/kg照射后的M_1植株幼穗作外植体,可提高培养力;成熟胚在培养前进行辐射处理,会降低出愈率,但分化率却明显提高,其照射量以0.645～1.290C/kg为宜,如果直接辐照愈伤组织,则以6.45×10~(-2)C/kg为佳.辐射处理会促进意伤组织老化,缩短分化历期,一般幼穗愈伤组织的有效分化期为接种后150～180天.

Preliminary Studies on in vitro Mutation Techniques Applied to Rice ( Oryxa sativa L. ) I. Effect of Gamma-rays on Somatic Tissue in vitro Culture in Rice.

Radiosensitivity of three kinds of rice cxplants ( mature embryo, immature embryo and young infloresence )to gamma radiation before or during in vitro culture was studied. The results indicated that the dose applied prior to inoculation for immature embryo and young infloresence should be lower than 0.258 C/kg. Using young panicle of M1 plants derived from dry seeds irradiated beforehand with 7.74 C/kg as cxplants could promote culturability. In cases in which mature embryo (dormant seed ) was exposed to gamma-rays with various doses prior to inoculation, the callus initiation rate was reduced strikingly while the shoot differentiation rate was increased markedly with the increase of radiation dose. The doses ranging 0.645-1.290 C/kg seem to be appropriate for mature embryo irradiation prior to culture. G.45*10-2 C/kg would be an appropriate dose for irradiation callus from mature seeds. The effective duration for maintaining shoot differentiation capacity of callus from young infloresence ranged from 150 to 185 days after inoculation, but it became shortened if the explants had been irradiated prior to inoculation.