宁夏现代节水农业发展现状及对策

结合宁夏农业发展实际，有针对性地分析了发展现代节水农业对积极应对干旱挑战、发展现代农业、实现区域经济社会协调发展的重大意义。总结了近几年宁夏为解决干旱缺水问题，重点推广的节水控灌、设施高效节灌、覆膜保墒节水、压砂节水、集雨补灌节水和保护性耕作节水等六大节水技术模式，抗旱节水和增产增收效果明显，产生了很好的经济、社会和生态效益。在总结发展经验的基础上，明确提出了今后宁夏现代节水农业发展的思路及目标：以建设“三大农业示范区”为契机，在加大农田水利建设的同时，积极引进推广各类先进实用的现代节水农业技术，实现水资源高效利用；建立起推动产业结构调整扣促进农业增效、农民增收的长效机制，带动宁夏现代节水农业全面发展，农作物单产提高15％-30％，自然降水利用率提高10％-15％，水分生产效率由0．30-0．45提高到0．45以上，补水效益达到10-15元／m^3。

Current Situation of Development of Modern Water-saving Agriculture in Ningxia and Countermeasures

A targeted analysis is made on the great significance of the development of the modern water-saving agriculture to coping with drought challenge actively, developing modern agriculture and achieving harmonious development of regional e- conomy and society in combination with the actual situation of the development of the agriculture in Ningxia. The six major water-saving technology modes extended in Ningxia during recent years are summarized such as controlled water-saving irri- gation, high efficient water-saving irrigation by facilities, saving water by film-mulching and soil moisture conservation, saving water by gravel-covering, saving water by supplementary irrigation using harvested rain water and saving water by conserva- tion tillage for solving the problems of drought and water shortage. The above-mentioned technologies have showed significant effects on drought resistance and yield and income increase and have achieved good economic, social and ecological benefits. On the basis of a summarization of the development experiences, the ideas and objectives for the development of the modem water-saving agriculture in Ningxia are put forward clearly： with the construction of ＂Three Agricultural Demonstration Zone＂ as an opportunity, while paying attention to the construction of farmland water conservancy, various advanced and practical modern water-saving agricuhural technology should be introduce and extended actively to achieve efficient use of water re- sources; a long-term mechanism should be established for promoting the agricultural structure adjustment and promoting the growth of the agricultural efficiency and the farmers＇ income to lead the comprehensive development of the modern water saving agriculture in Ningxia; the crop yield should be upgraded by 15%-30%, the using rate of natural precipitation should be increased by 10%-15%, water production efficiency should be upgraded from 0.300.45 to above 0.45 and the benefit of supplementary irrigation should reach 10-15 yuan/m^3.