宁南山区旱作节水技术研究

结合宁南山区降水量偏少,降水年际变幅大,季节分布不均等实际,针对性的进行了旱作农业节水技术研究。结果表明,采用覆膜保墒等旱作节水技术,可最大限度地抑制田间蒸发,达到增温、蓄水、保墒和改善土壤物理性状的效果,抗旱节水和增产增收效果显著。作物全生育期增加积温200~400℃,土壤含水量增加5%~8%,土壤贮水量增加40~50 m3,农作物单产提高15%~30%,自然降水利用率提高10%~15%,水分生产率提高5.73~6.45 kg/(mm·hm2),补水效益达到10~15元/m3,节本1 800~2 625元/hm2。

A Study of Water Saving Technology for Dryland Farming in Southern Mountainous Area of Ningxia

Based on the actual situation of less rainfall, big variation of inter annual rainfall and uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall in southern mountainous area of Ningxia, a targeted study on the water saving technology of dryland farming was made. The result shows that the dryland farming water saving technology such as the film-mulching soil moisture conserva- tion technology can restrict the field evaporation to the maximum extent so as to achieve the effects of increasing tempera- ture, storing water, conserving soil moisture and improving soil physical properties and the effect on drought resistance, water saving and yield increase is very obvious. In the crop growth period, the accumulative temperature increased by 200- 400 ~C, soil moisture content increased by 5%- 8%, soil water storage increased by 40- 50 m3, crop yield increased by 15% - 30%, using rate of natural precipitation increased by 10%- 15%, water productivity upgraded by 5.73 -6.45 kg/ （mm＇hm2）, benefit of water replenishment and cost savings reached 10 - 15 yuan/m3 and 1 800-2 625 yuan/hm2 respectively.