黄土丘陵区玉米集雨保苗及灌溉制度研究

针对黄土丘陵区降水少而时空分布不均等特点,以集雨技术及工程设施为基础,通过有限补充灌溉方式,研究了玉米不同座水量、不同补灌定额、不同生育期补灌对玉米出苗及其生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响.试验研究表明：①当土壤0～10cm的相对含水量低于24％时,不座水播种将不出苗;大于24％时,可出苗,但出苗率极低,仅为20％～21％.在不同土壤相对含水量条件下,座水100mL、200mL、300mL时,出苗率均可达到90％以上,且随着座水量的增加,其长势旺盛;②在当年的降水条件下,最为合理的补水量为5m3/667m2;③在水量有限情况下,玉米拔节期补水比灌浆期补水增产效果明显.

Study on Harvested Rainwater in Keeping a Full Stand of Seedlings and Irrigation Schedule for Maize in Loess Hilly Plateau

Based on the harvested rainwater technology and engineering facilities, adopted the method of limited supplemental irrigation, the effects of different watering volume, different supplemental irrigation quota, and supplemental irrigation at different growth periods on maize seedling emergence and growth, and effect of yield and water use efficiency were studied for characteristics of less precipitation and uneven spatial and temporal distribution in Loess hilly plateau. Tile research revealed that：（1） when the relative water content of 0-10cm soil was below 24% no watering seeding without seedling emergence, when it was more than 24%, the seedling was emerged, but the rate of seedling emergence was very low, only 20%-21%.（2）In different conditions of soil relative water content, watering 100ml,200ml,300ml,the rate of seedling emergence can be over 90%,and with the increasing of watering volume, seedling was more vigorous.（3） Under the rainfall conditions of this year, the most reasonable volume of filling water was 5m3/667m2. （4） In situation of the limited water volume, the effect of increasing yield was more obvious with supplemental water at maize jointing stage than filling stage.