韩国归农归村与中国返乡入乡政策措施的比较及启示

20世纪末受金融危机的影响,韩国出现了归农归村潮,政府因势利导出台相关政策措施,促进人口回流农村,这与中国近年来出现的返乡入乡潮十分相似。本文比较了韩国归农归村潮与中国返乡入乡潮的相关背景与概念,阐述了中韩两国促进归农归村或返乡入乡的相关政策措施,对比分析发现中韩两国在联合推进、创业辅导、资金支持、实训教育等政策措施上有共同点,但在政策目的、责任主体、推进方式、实施范围和补贴范围等方面存在较大差异;与韩国以促进移居农村为目的不同,中国以促进创业和就业为目的,责任主体众多、实施范围更广、试点先行是亮点,但民间团体参与不足、补贴范围较窄、缺乏专门服务机构。因此,中国应借鉴韩国的经验,成立专门机构服务返乡入乡创业,加大宣传、教育和财政扶持力度,并基于对返乡创业人员的跟踪调查,适时调整政策,更好地推进返乡入乡创业创新。

Comparison and enlightenment of policies and measures of returning to rural areas in South Korea and China

At the end of 20 century,influenced by the financial crisis,a tide of returning to the countryside occurred in South Korea,the government issued some relevant policies and measures to promote the population to return to rural areas.It is quite similar to the wave of returning to rural areas in China in recent years.In this paper,the background,concept,policies and measures of the returning to rural areas in South Korea and that in China were compared.Comparative analysis found that China and South Korea have common points in policies and measures such as joint promotion,entrepreneurship guidance,financial support,training and education,but there are great differences in policy objectives,responsibility subjects,promotion methods,implementation scope and subsidy scope;different from South Korea’s purpose of promoting rural migration,China aims to promote entrepreneurship and employment, with many responsible subjects, wider implementation scope and pilots.However,the participation of non-governmental organizations is insufficient,the scope of subsidies is narrow,and there is a lack of specialized service agencies.Learning from the experience of South Korea,China should set up a special agency to provide serves to the people who are returning or moving to the countryside to start businesses or pursue innovations;call for stronger publicity,education,and financial support;and timely adjust the policies based on the follow-up survey of the returnees,so as to better promote returning to the countryside for entrepreneurship and innovation.