从国际经验看中国农业温室气体减排路径

2020年,中国提出“二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和”。当前农业温室气体减排蕴藏着巨大潜力,是确保碳达峰、碳中和目标实现的重要支撑。本文明确了农业需要减排甲烷、氧化亚氮等温室气体,并分析了农业温室气体的主要成因以及中国农业温室气体减排在宏观、产业、微观上面临的挑战。在介绍发达国家及联合国粮农组织在温室气体减排的举措和经验后,指出中国农业温室气体减排具体路径的方向,包括绿色生物制造、种业基因编辑、垂直农业、植物蛋白、精准农业、农业大数据等,这些方向可以实现经济效益和绿色发展的共存,可以更大程度、更为持久地动员市场主体参与到农业温室气体减排活动中。

China's Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Path from International Experience

China proposes that carbon dioxide emissions will reach the peak in 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutralization by 2060.At present,China’s agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction has great potential,which is an important support to ensure the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals.This paper points out that China’s agriculture needs to reduce greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide,and analyzes the main causes of agricultural greenhouse gases and the challenges faced by China’s agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction in macro,industrial and micro levels.After introducing the measures and experience of developed countries and FAO in greenhouse gas emission reduction,this paper points out the specific paths of China’s agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction,including green biological manufacturing,seed industry gene editing,vertical agriculture,plant protein,precision agriculture and agricultural big data.These specific paths can realize the coexistence of economic benefits and green development,and market players can be mobilized to participate in agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction activities to a greater extent and for a longer time.