埃塞俄比亚农地确权的成功经验及启示

大规模土地确权是发展中国家保障地权安全稳定、促进经济社会发展的主要措施。非洲国家的确权除少数相对富裕国家外多以失败告终,然而埃塞俄比亚作为一个发展中国家,却较成功地实施了大规模土地确权。本文以埃塞俄比亚为例,深入分析其确权成功经验,探讨确权成功的必要条件,并为推进中国农地确权提供借鉴和启示。研究表明:①分阶段确权的合理规划、技术成本的有效控制以及国际援助的积极利用,是大规模确权可负担、可持续的基础和前提。②重视培训教育,使得广大民众的认知与国家的政治目标一致,增强了确权改革的国家能力。③分权式确权给予地方更大自主权,契合了不同地区的多样化需求,充分发挥非正式约束的补充作用,提高了确权改革的适应性。④参与式确权保障了农民的合法权益,提高了官员和民众等多群体的支持,大大减少了确权改革的阻力。

Experiences and implications of rural land title registration in Ethiopia

Systematic land registration is the main measure to provide secure land tenure and promote economic growth for developing countries.Land titling and registration have mostly ended in failure in African countries except for a few rich nations.As a developing nation,Ethiopia has successfully embarked on a program of land tenure reform.We take Ethiopia as a special example to analyze its successful land titling practices,explore the necessary conditions for land registration,and give reference to China.The research shows that:rational planning for multi-stage,effective control of technical costs,and active use of international assistance are conducive to the affordability and sustainability of land titling.Attaching importance to training and education,making the public’s cognition consistent with the nation’s political goals can enhance the state capacity.Decentralization which give more autonomy to the local government,meets the diversified demand of different regions,makes the informal institutions act as a complementary role and largely improves the adaptability of land tenure reform.High-participation protects the legitimate rights of farmers,gains the broad social supports from officials and the public.