我国甘草资源调查与分析

甘草(Clycyrrhiza uralensis Fish)为常用中药,是工业、制药、食品等的原料,国内、国际市场需求量都很大。甘草是自然生长在干旱、半干旱荒漠草原上的植物,根和根状茎入药,地上部分的茎叶是牲畜的优质饲草。目前全国蕴藏量约15亿kg。主要类型有:胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal),主要分布在新疆的南疆地区,占全国蕴藏量的 60％以上;甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish),又称乌拉尔甘草,主要分布在内蒙古鄂托克前旗、抗锦旗、磴口县和宁夏的盐池县一带,质量好,品质高,为甘草中的精品。野生甘草的生态环境十分脆弱,由于大量采挖,过度放牧,目前野生甘草蕴藏量比1949年下降了50％,草场严重退化,土壤沙化,并引发沙尘暴灾害性天气。应保护甘草资源,限量采挖,实行围栏护育,人工种植,改善生态环境,使甘草资源长久地服务于人类。

Investigation and Analysis on the Resource of Glycgrrhiza Uralensis Fish in China

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fish as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine is the material of industry, pharmacy and foods. The demand in the marketplace of the home and abroad is enormous. The wild G. Uralensis Fish grows generally in arid or semiarid prairie, The root and rooted - stem are used as medical materials. Leaves and stems are good forage grass. At present, the ammount of storage is about 1.5 billion kilogram all over the contry. G. inflata Batla is the main type and distributed largely in the south of Xinjiang. The storage ammount is above 60 percent in our country; G. uralensis Fish which is also named wulaer G. uralensis Fish mainly distributed in Etuoergiagi Kangqianqi, DengKou county of innmogolia and yauchi county of Ningxia and the quality is the best of all varieties. However the grasslands have deteriareted, and the soil is becoming desert which induced the desastrous weather of " sand - storm" because of the crisp ecdogieal environment and excesive grass and dig. To make the G. uralensis Fish resource serve the human for a long term, we should protect the G. uralensis Fish resource, limit digging, establish enclosure, plant grass and improve ecological environment.