紧凑型玉米高产肥料配方的研究

本研究通过两种方案，方案Ⅰ采取三要素均变、方案２固定Ｐ肥只变Ｎ、Ｋ比例，经统计运算，找出方案Ⅰ的最高产量及最大利润的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ配方是：高水肥地（９００公斤水平）最高产量施肥量Ｎ２３．６公斤，Ｐ２Ｏ５１５公斤，Ｋ２Ｏ１６．７公斤；最佳经济施用量Ｎ１３．５公斤，Ｐ２Ｏ５７公斤，Ｋ２Ｏ１２．５公斤。中水肥地（７５０公斤）最高产量施肥量Ｎ２２．５公斤，Ｐ２Ｏ５１６．６公斤，Ｋ２Ｏ２７公斤；最佳经济施用量Ｎ１９．８６公斤，Ｐ２Ｏ５１０公斤，Ｋ２Ｏ１７．８公斤。方案Ⅱ最高产量投肥量Ｎ２７．５４公斤，Ｐ２Ｏ５１２．５公斤，Ｋ２Ｏ２２．６公斤；最佳经济施用量Ｎ１６．７公斤，Ｐ２Ｏ５１２．５公斤，Ｋ２Ｏ１５．７５公斤。从配方中看出Ｋ肥无论高肥地还是中肥地，均起着重要作用。基础较好的高肥地获高产以增施Ｐ、Ｋ肥为主，而中肥地以增施Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ肥为主。而中肥地以增施Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ肥为主。

OPTIMAL N, P AND K RATIOS FOR OBTAINING HIGH YIELDS OF COMPACT MAIZE (ZEA MAYS, L.)

We conducted our research using 2 schemes. In scheme 1, we combined various quantities of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers. In scheme 2, we combined fixed quantities of P with various quantities of N and K. From scheme l, we found that in rich soils where water is abundant and the yield of maize is usually around 900kg, the highest yields were obtained witll 23. 6kg N, 15kg P2O5 and 16. 7 kg K2O; however, most cost effective ratio was found to be 13. 5kg N, 7kg P2O5 and 12. 5 kg K2O. For soils of overage fertility and water supplies, where the yield of maize is usually about 750kg, the highest yield were obtained with 22. 5 kg N, 16. 6kg P2O5 and 27kg K2O and most cost effective ratio was 19. 86kg N, 10kg P2O5 and 17. 8kg K2O. From scheme 2, the highest yields were obtained using 27. 54kg N, 12. 5kg P2O5 and 22. 6kg K2O, and the most cost effective ratio was 16. 7kg N, 12. 5kg P2O5 and 15.75kg K2O. There results indicate that k-fertilizer plays an important role in both rich and average soils. In order to obtain the highest maize yields, the currently accepted quantities of pand k fertilizers should be increased in rich soils, and the quantities of N, P and K fertilizers should be increased in soils of average fertility and water supply.