复合生态枣园节肢动物群落结构与动态的研究

为了控制枣树害虫,作者采用系统调查方法,对太谷地区复合生态枣园的节肢动物群落的时序动态进行了调查研究,结果表明,枣粮复合生态园的各类节肢动物共有15目82科217种(一些种类只鉴定到科),其中植食性类群129种,捕食性类群54种,寄生性类群24种,其他类群(包括腐生性种类)10种;不同的复合生态枣园,节肢动物群落的时序动态有明显差异。(1)有杂草的枣园,逐月的多样性、均匀性和种类丰富度指数均大于无杂草的枣园;(2)未喷药的枣麦间作区的个体数与优势度指数均小于喷过药的枣麦间作区;(3)喷过药的枣麦与枣豆间作区的指标无明显差异;可见,化学农药对枣园节肢动物群落的时序动态有明显的干扰作用,而枣园的间作物与杂草能促进枣园节肢动物种群的建立或者增加节肢动物群落的种群数量和活力。

Structure and Dynamics of Arthropod Community in Different Intercropped and Managed Jujube Yard Ecosystems

The dynamics of arthropod community was studied in different intercropped and managed jujube yard ecosystems in Taigu. The results showed that there were 217 species of arthropodsin the jujube yard ecosystems including 129 phytophagous species,54 predatory species,24 parasitoid species and 10 species of others. Diversity, species richness and evenness in the jujube yardswith weeds were more than those without weeds. Dominance and individual numbers of arthropodsin the jujube yardswithout spraying insecticideswere less than those with insecticide. But there was no difference betweenjujube yardsintercropped with wheat orsoybean. It was obvious that insecticidesimpeded the development of arthropod community, but the weeds in jujube yards tended to benefit the propagation of arthropod population.