文峪河中游主要森林类型水文效应比较研究

通过对山西文峪河中游三道川林场油松天然林、油松封育林、山杨天然林、白桦天然林、灌木林、华北落叶松人工林等6种主要森林类型枯落物层和土壤层的野外调查与室内实验,比较分析了6种林分的枯落物层和土壤层水文效应,并就6类水源涵养林水文效应影响因素进行了分析。研究表明:(1)针叶林枯落物层持水能力较阔叶林和灌木林强,人工林枯落物层持水能力较天然林强;(2)各林分土壤最大持水量从大到小的顺序为:华北落叶松人工林灌木林山杨天然林白桦天然林油松天然林油松封山育林;(3)白桦和山杨天然林土壤持水特性指标在各层之间差异表现显著,而其他林分各土壤层之间并没有表现出较大的差异;(4)6种林分类型枯落物及土壤的水文效应表现为:华北落叶松人工林最大,其次为灌木林,山杨天然林,白桦天然林和油松天然林,而油松封山育林最小。(5)处于不同演替时期的林分枯落物层和土壤层具有不同的水文效应不同,营造演替中期的混交林群落将有助于提高林分的水文效应。

Comparative Research on Hydrological Effect of Main Forest Categories in the Middle Reach of Wenyuhe Watershed,Shanxi Province

An investigation on hydrological effect of forest litter and soil for six kinds of water conservation forests was conducted in Sandaochuan forest farm,Shanxi province,by the method of field survey and indoor experiment.The influencing factors of hydrological effect in six water conservation forests were also analyzed.Results showed:(1) The needle forest hads more litter reserves than broad-leaved forests and shrub,plantation had more litter reserves than natural forests;(2) the maximum water holding capacity of soil also decreased,it sorted as follows: Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation > shrub forests > natural Populus davidiana stands > natural Betula paltyphylla stands > natural Pinus tabulaeformis stands > enclosing natural Pinus tabulaeformis stands;(3)natural Betula paltyphylla stands and Populus davidiana stands had the significant differences of soil water holding capacity among the four different soil layers,while the other stands had not.(4)The hydrological effect of forest litter and soil for six kinds of water conservation forests show that Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation had the largest water conservation capacity of forest litter and soil,shrub,natural Populus davidiana stands,natural Betula paltyphylla stands,natural Pinus tabulaeformis stands followed and enclosing natural Pinus tabulaeformis stands had the smallest;(5) The stands in different succession stage had different hydrological effect significantly,mixed forsest forestation in transitional stage will improve The hydrological effect.