控释尿素与普通尿素对棉花生长、养分吸收和产量的影响

目的]控释尿素和普通尿素对棉花干物质累积规律、养分吸收量和产量的影响.方法]以棉花为试验对象,采取两年田间定位试验的方式,设施N量为180 kg/hm2的控释尿素和普通尿素以及不施氮的N0共3个处理,测定棉花的植株干物质、养分及产量.结果]就棉花干物质累积量和累计速率而言,2008年控释尿素表现出"前控后保"的施肥效应,在蕾期,控释尿素<普通尿素,但在花期及其后的生育期则表现为控释尿素>普通尿素>N0,而2009年控释尿素始终高于普通尿素处理;两年中控释尿素比普通尿素分别提高氮肥农学利用率1.04 和2.56 kg/kg,同时控释尿素处理的氮肥当季利用率分别比普通尿素提高了18.89;和12.92;;控释尿素处理的棉花氮、磷养分吸收量两年均高于普通尿素;两年的皮棉产量提高了11.68;和31.25;.结论]在畦灌条件下,施用控释尿素比普通尿素的棉花干物质累积量多而且累积速率快,同时促进了植株对养分的吸收,提高了氮肥利用率,并最终提高了棉花产量.

Effects of Controlled Released Urea and Common Ureaon Growth, Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Cotton

Objective]To research the effects of controlled released urea and common urea on accumulation rate for plant dry matters,nutrient absorption and yield of cotton.Method]Taking cotton as experimental subject,adopting orientational experiment in the fields for 2 years,applying 3 kinds of treatments,and there are controlled released urea(180 kg/hm2),common urea (180 kg/hm2)no-N,and testing the dry matters,nutrition and yield of cotton.Result] On the basis of occurnulative volume and cumulated rate of dry matter in 2008,the controlled released urea is indicative of controlling release and maintaining release in the former and latter stages respectively,in bud stage,controlled released urea and common urea,while in florescence and growth stages,controlled released urea and common urea,no-N.In 2009,the volume and rate of the controlled released urea are all higher than that of the oommon urea.Compared with the common urea,agronomic efficiency of applied N was improved by 1.04 and 2.56 kg/kg for using condtrolled released urea within the two years;At the same time,the utilization rate of N fertilizer treated with controlled released urea were increased by 18.89% and 12.92% compared with that of common urea;as well as condtrolled released urea could improve the yield of cotton by 11.67% and 31.25%.Conclusion]Under the condition of bed irrigation,concerning cumulated volume and cumulated rate of cotton dry matter of condtrolled released urea were increased more and faster than that of common urea,condtrolled released urea could advance the absorption of nutrient,they also could heighten the utilization rate of N fertilizer,and improve the yield of cotton eventually.