新疆若干杏品种开花生物学特性研究

对8个新疆杏品种的开花物候期和不完全花的调查发现,杏树开花相对集中在3月底4月初,持续5~6 d,花期基本相遇,只是由于局部小气候和天气状况使其略有差异;对于结果枝,所有品种开花先后顺序是花束状果枝、短果枝、中果枝开花,最后是长果枝开花,而其花期持续时间长短和开花先后顺序相反;通过花器官特征调查,各品种不完全花比率在22%~66%,最高的是大果胡安娜为66%,最低的是阿克西米西为22%,败育花率较高,品种间差异较大。所有品种不同类型果枝的不完全花率是长果枝>中果枝>短果枝>花束状果枝,然而其自然座果率则正好相反。

Studies on Biological Characters of Blooming of Some Apricot Varieties in Xinjiang

In this paper,observations were conducted on the phenological period of blossom and imperfect flower of 8 Xinjiang excellent apricot varieties.Their phenological periods of blossom almost appeared at the end of March and at the beginning of April,lasting 5 to 6 days.Some varieties were different from each other because of microclimate and weather condition.As for fruit branches of all varieties,their phenological periods of blossom sequence were from the blossom fruit branch,the short fruit branch,the medium fruit branch to the long fruit branch.But their durations of phenological periods of blossom were quite different from the blossom sequences.By observed flowers,their imperfect flower rate of 8 Xinjiang apricot varieties were significantly differently.The ratio of imperfect flowers of different varieties was 22%～66%,of which the highest was Daguohuanna(66%),the lowest was Akeximixi(22%),their differences were significant in all varieties.All imperfect flower rate of them showed the long fruit branch>the medium fruit branch>the short fruit branch>the blossom fruit branch,but the setting fruit percentages of them were reversed.