额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼寄生虫种类及感染情况的调查研究

目的]调查研究额尔齐斯河(中国段)白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius linnaeus)寄生虫的种类组成及感染情况.方法]按照鱼类寄生虫的常规调查及研究方法,于2009年4月-2010年1月分四季剖检额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼238尾,分析其寄生虫的种类组成、感染率、感染强度和季节动态等.结果]共发现寄生虫5种,分别为单肠四钩虫(Tetraonchus monentero)、复口吸虫后囊蚴后囊蚴(Diplostomun metacercaria sp.)、绦虫幼虫(Cestode larva sp.)、新疆鳋(Erg-d-xinjiangensis)、白鲑鲺(Argulus coregoin),隶属于2门、4纲、5目、5科、5属.结论]5种寄生虫的感染特点与国内其他水域鱼类寄生虫感染特点有差异.单肠四钩虫的感染率从春季到夏季逐渐升高,达到峰值,而秋季大幅降低,冬季再次小幅升高.白鲑鲺仅在夏季发现,感染率低,但感染强度很大.绦虫幼虫和新疆鳋的感染率及感染强度均低.复口吸虫四季均有感染,且在四季中感染率都大于10;,在冬季的感染率和感染强度均最高;Berger-Parke:优势度指数在群落中最大,为0.46,说明复口吸虫是白斑狗鱼寄生虫群落的优势种;其感染率及感染强度随着宿主体长的变化表现出不同的变化趋势;复口吸虫在宿主种群中的方均比(S2/X)为26.50大于1,表明其在宿主种群中呈聚集分布.

Investigation on Parasite Species and Infected Condition of Esox lucius Linnaeus in Ergis River

【Objective】To investigate and research the species composition and infected condition of parasites of Esox lucius Linnaeus in Ergis River,China.【Method】By the investigation and research of routine methods of fish parasites,in four different seasons from April 2009 to January 2010,238 Esox lucius Linnaeus were cut open to analyze their parasite species composition,infection rates,infection intensity,seasonal dynamics,and so on.【Result】The result showed that 5 species of parasites were: Tetraonchus monentero,Diplostomun metacercaria sp.,Cestode larva sp.,Ergasilus xinjiangensis,Argulus coregoin. They belong to 5 genera,5 families,5 orders,4 classes,2 phyla.【Conclusion】The infection characteristics of 5 species parasite are different from those of fish parasites in other areas in China.The infection rate of Tetraonchus monentero were increased gradually from spring to summer,and there was the peak value in summer,but was reduced by a wide margin in autumn,and then rose again in winter.Argulus coregoin was found only in summer,its infection rate was low,but infection intensity was high.The infection rates and infection intensities of Cestode larva and Ergasilus xinjiangensis were low.The infection ofDiplostomun metacercaria continued for all the year round,whose infection rate were greater than 10% in all seasons,and the infection rate and infection intensity all get the highest in winter.Diplostomun metacercaria is the dominant species,because its Berger-Parker dominance index(0.46) is the largest in the parasite community of Esox lucius Linnaeus.The infection rate and the infection intensity show different trends with the change of host body length.