南疆超高产棉花干物质积累分配与养分吸收运移特征的研究

【目的】在南疆自然生态条件下,研究超高产棉花干物质积累分配与养分吸收运移特征。【方法】于2008~2009年,以高产(皮棉单产2 250~3 000 kg/hm2)和中低产(皮棉单产2 250 kg/hm2以下)棉花为对照,研究超高产棉花(单产皮棉3 000 kg/hm2以上)不同生育时期干物质积累与养分运移特征。【结果】超高产棉花干物质快速积累持续期长,且积累量大,光合产物向茎、叶器官分配集中在开花期以前,花后向茎、叶输送减少,而向蕾铃器官分配较多,保证了后期产量形成;高产、中低产棉花开花后则仍有光合产物向茎、叶输送,对产量影响较大。超高产棉花茎、叶器官对N、P2O5、K2O吸收集中在盛花期前,初花期至盛花期达到高峰,而蕾铃的积累高峰出现在盛铃期,峰值显著高于高产和中低产棉花。超高产棉花养分吸收到达t1时间依次为N>K2O>P2O5,△t较长,GT较大,且随着产量水平的降低而减少。【结论】不同产量水平棉花干物质积累分配与养分吸收差异显著。

Study on Dry Matter Accumulate or Distribution and Nutrient Absorption or Transfer of Super High-yield Cotton in South Xinjiang

【Objective】To study the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the absorption and transfer of nutrients in super high-yield cotton under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang.【Method】During 2008-2009,the high-yield cotton(with a lint yield of 2 2503 000 kg/hm2)and middle & low-yield cotton(with a lint yield under 2 250 kg/hm2) are used as control,the characters of dry matter accumulation and nutrients transfer of the super high-yield cotton(with a lint yield above 3 000 kg/hm2)during different growth period are studied.【Result】 The dry matter fast accumulation duration of the super high-yield cotton is long,and the accumulation quantity is large,the distribution of photosynthatesis to the stem and leaf organs focuses before the flowering stage,the distribution to the stem and leaf decreases after flowering,but increases to the boll and bud organs,which ensures the yield in the latter period.For the high and middle & low-yield cotton,there are still distribution of photosynthatesis to the stem and leaf of the cotton after the flowering stage, which affects the yield greatly.The stem and leaf absorption of the N,P2O5 and K2O of the super high-yield cotton concentrates before flowering peak stage, and attain the peak value between flower forming stage and flower peak stage,while the accumulation peak of the boll and bud appears at boll peaking stage,and the peak value is remarkably higher than high-yield and middle & low-yield cotton.The time for the nutrients absorption of the super high-yield cotton to reach t1 is N>K2O >P2O5.△t is relatively long,and GT is relatively big,and it decreases with the decrease of the yield.【Conclusion】The difference of the dry matter accumulation and distribution,and nutrients absorption in different yield level of the cotton is significant.