自然火干扰作用下喀纳斯旅游区森林群落物种多样性动态特征

【目的】通过分析森林群落物种多样性的变化,旨在揭示自然火干扰作用下新疆喀纳斯旅游区森林群落物种多样性的动态特征,为其森林景观的维持和生物多样性保护提供科学依据。【方法】采用典型样带调查法,运用重要值和多样性测度指数,对自然火干扰作用下喀纳斯旅游区3种典型森林群落类型———阔叶针叶混交林、针阔混交林和针叶混交林的物种多样性变化进行了分析。【结果】阔叶针叶混交林和针阔混交林乔木层物种多样性在森林群落恢复的前期(25～60 a)和后期(90～110 a以上)相对较稳定,中期(60～90 a)出现较大的波动,其草本层物种多样性表现为先降低后增加,最后达到稳定的趋势;针叶混交林乔木层物种多样性在森林群落恢复的前期(50 a以前)有较大的变化,之后维持相对稳定的水平,其草本层物种多样性则呈现出前期增加,中、后期逐渐降低的趋势。【结论】喀纳斯旅游区森林群落物种多样性的发展变化与其受到的自然火干扰历史紧密相关。

Dynamic Characteristics of Forest Community Species Diversity under Natural Fire Disturbance in Kanas Tourism District

【Objective】Through analysis of changes of species diversity,the purpose of this research is to reveal the dynamic characteristics of forest community species diversity under natural fire disturbance in Kanas Tourism District,Xinjiang,to provide scientific basis for its forest landscape maintaining and biodiversity conservation.【Method】Using typical transect method,the changes of species diversity of three typical forest community types(broadleaved and conifer mixed forests,conifer and broadleaved mixed forests,conifer mixed forests) were analyzed under natural fire disturbance .【Result】Species diversity of arboreous species in broadleaved and conifer mixed forests,conifer and broadleaved mixed forests show relatively stable at the earlier recovery stage(25-60 a) and the later recovery stage(>90-110 a),while the fluctuation change significantly at the middle recovery stage(60-90 a);In the meantime,species diversity of herbaceous species show decreasing at the earlier recovery stage,followed by increasing to stable trend.Species diversity of arboreous species in conifer mixed forest change significantly at earlier recovery stage(<50 a) and maintained relatively stable level later;Meanwhile,species diversity of herbaceous species show increasing at the earlier recovery stage,followed by gradually decreasing trends.【Conclusion】The development and changes of forest community species diversity in Kanas Tourism District are closely related to the history of natural fire disturbance.