牛初乳(粉)生产工艺探讨

加工牛初乳粉的原料应选用母牛分娩后72h以内的混合初乳,收购的初乳应及时降温 ,冷藏贮运.初乳脱脂可使用低温冷冻离心机,其脱脂率高,且在低温(0～10℃)下运行, 可有效防止细菌总数和酸度的上升.采用钴源辐照(60Co,剂量6～8 kGy)和低温巴氏杀菌(63℃,30 min)工艺均可达到良好的杀菌效果,前者更适用于小规模生产.初乳粉的制作可使用冷冻干燥法或低温喷雾干燥法,后者可实现连续式生产,效率高,成本低,但对工艺及设备性能要求严,一次性投入较大.

A Discussion on Processing Technology of Bovine Colostru m Powder

The raw material used to process Colostrum Powder is collected only during the first 72 hours after calving.The collected colostrums needs to be cooled promptly and refrigerated while stored or transported from the farm to the processing plant.Low temperature freezing centrifuge may be employed to remove excess fat.Being high efficient and capable of operating at low temperature (0～10℃)the freezing centrifuge can effectively prevent increase of bacterial quantities and acidity.Both Cobalt-60 radiosterilize ( 60 Co,radiation dosage6～8kGy)and low temperature long time pasteurzation(63℃,30 min)can achieve good sterilizing effect,where as the former is more suitable for small scale production.Freeze-drying and low temperature spray-drying technology can be adopted to produce colostrums powder.The latter is high efficient,low production costs and can produce continuously,but along with its advantages the low temperature spray-drying also makes strict demands on processing technology as well as the property of equipments,and require heavy investment.