基于GIS的温泉地区景观格局与生态系统服务价值动态分析

【目的】通过对温泉地区近年来景观格局动态与生态系统服务价值变化的分析,探讨在人为及自然因子驱动下的干旱区县域生态环境变化,为区域生态环境管理及生态保育恢复提供依据。【方法】在RS、GIS的支持下,利用1990~2005年研究区三期TM遥感影像进行解译,生成三个时期下的景观类型图,结合Fragstats分析研究区内15年间的景观格局动态变化,参考前人研究成果,计算出各景观类型生态系统服务价值及总值,从而分析其生态环境动态情况。【结果】1990~2005年间所有类型斑块数量减少而斑块面积增大,景观破碎化程度逐年下降,而景观的结构组成复杂化趋势则逐年加快。其中乔木林地、灌木林地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地、水域的生态服务价值有所降低,而农田、高覆盖度草地、冰川、城镇及工业用地、沼泽地、荒漠的生态服务价值有所增加。【结论】随着人类活动的不断增强,景观的破碎化逐年降低,草原不断退化,荒漠化程度加重,各景观类型的生态服务价值均有明显变化,研究区总的生态服务价值下降,生态环境状况应该受到密切关注。

Dynamic Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Service Value in Wenquan Area Based on GIS

【objective】Through the analysis of the landscape pattern dynamics and the ecosystem service value change of Wenquan area in Xinjiang in recent years,it tried to explore the eco-environmental change of the county scale under the effect of human and natural factors,and to provide basis for the regional eco-environment management and ecological recovery.【Method】Based on RS and GIS technology,by using three phases TM images from 1990 to 2005 of the study area,three landscape maps were made,and with the help of Fragstats,it studied the landscape dynamic change from 1990 to 2005.Furthermore,the ecosystem services value(ESV) and eco-environmental change was studied based on the previous research.【Result】The result showed that,from 1990 to 2005 the number of various landscape decreased,but the patch area increased.The landscape fragmentation decreased,while its heterogeneity was slightly increased.As for ESV,that of arbor forest,bush forest,moderate coverage grasslands,low coverage grasslands and waters were decreased,and that of farmland,high coverage grasslands,glacier,towns and industry lands,swamp,desert were increased respectively.【Conclusion】With the enhancing intensity of human activity,the fragmentation degree decreased,more and more grasslands were degraded and the desertification became worse.Therefore,the ecological service value has changed apparently.In the research area,the general ecological service value reduced.So the eco-environment of this area should be closely noticed.