有机无机肥配施对芝麻产量及土壤性质的影响

【目的】 研究生物炭、有机肥、饼肥与氮磷钾化肥配施对芝麻生长和产量及土壤性质的影响。【方法】 采取田间试验与室内分析的方法,研究生物炭、有机肥、饼肥与氮磷钾化肥配施对芝麻生理、产量、土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响。【结果】 与对照相比,生物炭、有机肥、饼肥与氮磷钾化肥配施显著提高了芝麻开花期土壤酶活性和光合特性,土壤蔗糖酶的活性较对照分别提高33.3%、26.4%和23.6%,脲酶活性较对照分别提高47.4%、35.9%和29.5%,过氧化氢酶活性较对照分别提高20.4%、13.6%和12.1%,叶片中叶绿素含量较对照分别提高了10.7%、9.4%和8.0%,净光合速率较对照分别提高24.2%、16.2%和10.9%;生物炭、有机肥、饼肥与氮磷钾化肥配施均使土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量增加,生物炭处理降低土壤容重、增加土壤总孔隙度效果较为显著;生物炭、有机肥、饼肥与氮磷钾化肥配施较不施肥显著增产,较氮磷钾化肥处理分别增产11.7％~13.3%、8.8%~8.1%和4.4%~8.7%。【结论】 应用1 hm²施用生物炭1 500 kg 或有机肥1 500 kg配施化肥N 120 kg、P₂O₅75 kg、K₂O 75 kg施肥方式。

Effects of Combinative Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Sesame Yield and Soil Properties

【Objective】 To study the effects of combinative application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on sesame yield and soil properties.【Method】 The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on physiological characteristics of sesame, yield, soil physical and chemical property and enzymatic activity.【Results】 Compared with control, the combinative application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the soil enzyme activity and photosynthetic characteristics of sesame during its flowering stage. The activities of soil saccharase respectively increased by 33.3%, 26.4% and 23.6% compared to the control, the activities of soil urease increased by 47.4%, 35.9% and 29.5%, catalase activity increased by 20.4%, 13.6% and 12.1%, the content of chlorophyll in leaves increased by 10.7% and 9.4% and 8.0%, and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 24.2%, 16.2% and 10.9%. The rapid available contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) increased under the combinative application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer treatment. Biochar treatment had a significant effect in reducing soil bulk density and increasing total soil porosity. The combined application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the yield compared with the non-fertilization, and increased the yield by 11.7% -13.3%, 8.8% -8.1%, and 4.4% -8.7% respectively compared with the treatment of NPK fertilizer.【Conclusion】 It is recommended that 1,500 kg of biochar per hectare or 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer combined with 120 kg of nitrogen(N) fertilizer, 75 kg of phosphorus (P) fertilizer, 75 kg of potassium(K) fertilizer can be applied as the way of fertilization.