180份番茄种质资源对3种主要叶部病害的田间抗病性评价

【目的】 在日光温室内田间自然发病条件下,鉴定180份番茄种质资源进行抗病性,筛选多抗材料,为宁夏番茄多抗品种选育奠定基础。【方法】 对180份番茄种质资源采用5点式取样法,根据病害症状确定病害的类别,调查发病率和病情指数,研究其对晚疫病、叶霉病、早疫病3种主要叶部病害的抗病性等级,利用模糊隶属函数法,综合评价种质材料抗病性。【结果】 179份番茄材料全部发生晚疫病、叶霉病、早疫病,仅1份材料只发生晚疫病和叶霉病,未发生早疫病。晚疫病发病最严重,其次为叶霉病,早疫病发病最轻。对晚疫病、叶霉病和早疫病达到抗病等级以上的材料分别有5、25和50份,占供试材料的2.78%、13.89%和27.22%。筛选出16份材料对3种叶部病害均达到中抗等级以上。材料63049和63054综合抗性排名位列前2,隶属函数平均值分别为0.98和0.93。【结论】 63049和63054这2份材料对这3种病害均达到抗病等级以上且综合抗性好,可作为多抗番茄种质资源。

Evaluation of Field Resistance of 180 Tomato Germplasm Resources to Three Major Leaf Diseases

【Objective】 Under the natural disease conditions in the solar greenhouse, 180 tomato germplasm resources are identified for disease resistance in order to screen multi-resistance materials and lay a foundation for the breeding of multi-resistance tomato in Ningxia. 【Methods】 The disease types were determined according to the disease symptoms, and the disease incidence and disease index were used to determine the disease resistance grade of 180 tomato germplasm resources to the late blight, leaf mold and early blight by 5-point sampling method. Finally, the fuzzy membership function method was used to evaluate comprehensively the disease resistance of germplasm materials. 【Results】 All the 179 tomato materials had late blight, leaf mold and early blight, and only 1 material had developed late blight and leaf mold, but not early blight. The incidence of late blight was the most serious, followed by leaf mold, the incidence of early blight was the lightest. There were 5, 25 and 50 materials with above “resistance” grade to the late blight, leaf mold and early blight, respectively, which accounted for 2.78%, 13.89% and 27.22% of the tested materials. 16 materials were screened out, all of which reached the “middle resistance” grade to each of the three diseases. Materials 63049 and 63054 ranked the top 2 in the comprehensive resistance, and the average value of membership function was 0.98 and 0.93 respectively. 【Conclusion】 These two materials,63049 and 63054, are all above the disease resistance grade and have excellent comprehensive resistance. They can be used as multi-resistant tomato germplasm resources.