新疆主栽和新育成春小麦品种产量潜力及其构成因素对产量的影响

【目的】研究新疆主栽和近年新育成春小麦品种的产量潜力及其构成因素,为春小麦产量育种提供依据。【方法】在较好的肥、水以及控制病虫害和倒伏的条件下,研究20世纪70年代以来新疆不同时期种植面积最大的4个主栽和近年新育成的3个春小麦品种的产量潜力及其构成因素,并对品种的产量潜力和生产中的实际产量进行对比分析。【结果】随着品种的更替,品种的产量潜力和实际产量均显著提高;主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重、收获指数显著提高;株高显著降低,生育期呈缩短趋势。【结论】新疆春小麦高产育种的重点是:通过增加主穗粒数,稳定千粒重,提高穗粒重和收获指数,株高稳定在85～90cm。

Effects of the Main Cultivar, Component Factors and Yield Potentialities of Spring Wneat on Grain Yield in Xinjiang

Objective and Method]Tnis research was carried out to analyze yield potentialities and the effect on grain yield with the main cultivar of spring wheat in Xinjiang to provie the theoretical bases for wheat breeding.Yield potentialities and grain yield of four leading spring wheat varieties and 3 new spring wheat varieties were studied.And yield in practice and yield potentiality were compared.Result]As the change of sping wheat varieties,yield in practice and yield potentiality were both increased remarkably,grain weight of the main spike,Grains of the main spike,1000-seed weight and harvest index were improved significantly.Plant height was remarkly reduced.Maturity phase came ahead of time Conclusion]The main point of breeding spring wheal in Xinjiang is to improve grain weight of the main spike,at the same time,to increase grains of the main spike,to enhance harvest index,to stabilize the 1000-seed weight and to keep the plant height in 85-90 cm.