种子休眠与休眠解除的研究进展

种子休眠是指有活力的种子在适宜的萌发条件下而不能萌发的现象。种子休眠主要有两种休眠类型即由种皮引起的休眠和由胚引起的休眠。然而实际中有些种子同时存在着这两种休眠类型,首先休眠受复杂的遗传特性的调控,其次休眠还受到环境因素的影响,如种子在母体植株上的发育、储藏期间以及萌发时的光照和温度等。依据种子产生休眠原因的复杂性,解除种子休眠的方法也因成因而异。主要有物理法、化学试剂法和综合法。物理方法包括机械处理、温度处理、低温层积、干藏和干热处理、射线、超声波处理和电场、磁场处理;化学处理包括激素处理、无机化学药剂处理和有机化学药物处理。对一些属综合休眠类型的植物种子,则采用综合法来解除休眠较单一方法效果显著。

Studies on Seed Dormancy and Dormancy Breaking

Seed dormancy is regarded as the phenomenon in which the vigorous seeds are unable to germinate under the suitable germination condition.There are basically two categories of dormancy,the one of which is caused by seed coat,the other of which is caused by embryo.In fact,dormancy is very complicated because of its complex traits:the first one is regulated and controlled by complex genetic characters;the second one is influenced by environmental factors,such as light and temperature,during seed development on the mother plants,during seed storage,and during germination.According to the complicated causes of seed dormancy,various methods can be used for breaking dormancy.Mainly there are physical,chemical and comprehensive methods.However,seed dormancy can be broken by a variety of physical treatment such as mechanical,temperature,stratification,hot and dry storage,radiation,ultrasonic waves,magnetic field etc.And chemical treatment such as hormones,organic and inorganic chemicals,and using the comprehensive methods to break dormancy is more effective than a mono-treatment for those seeds that induced dormancy by complicated factors.