北疆马铃薯黄矮病发生及危害情况调查

马铃薯是新疆重要的经济作物之一,在生产中马铃薯植株出现黄化矮化现象明显,严重影响了产量.为了摸清马铃薯黄矮病发生及危害情况,于2006～2007年对新疆天山以北乌鲁木齐、沙湾、奇台、玛纳斯、克拉玛依、奎屯、阿勒泰、伊犁和塔城等主要马铃薯种植区的马铃薯黄矮病进行了调查,典型症状为:植株极端矮化偶伴有顶端丛生,由新叶向老叶黄化,病薯块茎小而轻,出现龟裂,表面凹凸不平.其发病率为22;～80;,病情指数为0.19～27.56.对上述调查结果从种植地区海拔高度、马铃薯品种、栽培管理、栽培土壤的方面进行了分析.同时,通过对马铃薯黄矮病的发病情况和近3年马铃薯产量分析,初步了解马铃薯黄矮病的危害程度并做出病害损失估计.

Investigation on the Occurrence and Damage of Potato Yellow Dwarf Disease in the North Xinjiang

Potato is one of the Xinjiang's important economic crops.Its production was affected seriously by potato yellow dwarf in production.Potato yellow dwarf disease was investigated from the main potato croplands in north regions of Xinjiang Tianshan(including Urumqi,Shawan,Qitai,Manas,Karamay,Kuitun,Altai,Ili,Tacheng) during 2006-2007 to investigate its disease occurrence and deamage.The infection induces typical extreme dwarfism symptoms of plant accompanied with apical cluster as well as yellow leaf form new to old,and small and light tuber of disease potato adjointing surface chapping or uneven,resulting in the degeneration and reduction of tuber.The results showed the incidence rate of disease is 22%-80%,and the disease index is 0.19-27.56.the result of investigation above was analyzed from altitude of planting areas,potato cultivation varieties,cultivation managements, and soil properties.Meanwhile,the damage degree of potato yellow dwarf disease was understood and damage expectancy was made by analyzing the incidence of the disease and potato output in recent three year.