耐低磷新疆春玉米基因型筛选及其磷效率

【目的】筛选耐低磷及磷高效玉米品种是充分利用土壤磷素和减施磷肥的有效途径,挖掘玉米利用土壤磷素的生物学潜力,为培育磷高效利用玉米品种提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,在低磷(P₂O₅:20 mg/kg)和正常磷(P₂O₅:100 mg/kg)条件下,以8个新疆自育的春玉米品种和1个对照品种(郑单958)为供试材料。【结果】筛选耐低磷基因型,划分不同磷效率类型,鉴定出对磷高效的玉米品种。施用磷肥对玉米生长有明显的影响,玉米地上部干物质重、单株产量及植株氮磷累积量在各品种之间差异显著。鉴定出4个耐低磷品种,分别为新玉29号、新玉47号、新玉54号 和新玉69号。依据磷效率综合值对玉米基因型磷效率类型进行了划分。【结论】新玉47号、新玉54号和新玉69号为耐低磷且低磷高效品种,郑单958为不耐低磷且正常磷高效品种,新玉110号为不耐低磷且磷低效品种,新玉24号、新玉29号、新玉80和新玉102号为磷低效品种。

Screening of spring maize genotypes tolerant to low-phosphorus and their phosphorus efficiency in Xinjiang

【Objective】The selection of maize varieties with low-P tolerance and P-high-efficiency is of great significance for improving the phosphate utilization efficiency and decreasing the phosphate fertilizer input by excess phosphate application, so this project aims to explore the biological potential of maize utilization of soil phosphorus in the hope of providing theoretical basis for cultivating phosphorus efficient maize varieties. 【Methods】Under the conditions of low-P(P₂O₅:20 mg/kg) and normal-P(P₂O₅:100 mg/kg), pot experiments were carried out with 8 spring maize cultivars and 1 control cultivars (Zhengdan 958) from Xinjiang as test materials. At the mature stage, the upper part of the maize was collected, the shoot dry matter weight, yield, accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus were measured, the low-P tolerance were screened, the P efficiency of genotypes were classified, and the maize varieties with high phosphorus efficiency were identified. 【Results】Application of phosphate fertilizer had obvious effect on maize growth. Four maize genotypes (Xinyu 29, Xinyu 47, Xinyu 54 and Xinyu 69 ) with low P tolerance were identified by cluster analysis of relative shoot dry matter weight, yield and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus. Meanwhile, According to the comprehensive value of P efficiency, P efficiency types of maize genotypes were classified. 【Conclusion】We primarily concluded that the Xinyu 47, Xinyu 54 and Xinyu 69 are identified to be the low-P tolerant, low phosphorus and high efficiency genotypes. Zhengdan 958 is a high efficient variety of normal phosphorus which is not tolerant to low phosphorus. Xinyu 110 is a variety of low phosphorus tolerance and low phosphorus efficiency. Xinyu 24, Xinyu 29, Xinyu 80 and Xinyu 102 were all low phosphorus varieties.