刻芽和拉枝对库尔勒香梨生长发育的影响

【目的】研究省力密植栽培模式下库尔勒香梨幼树适宜的刻芽和拉枝方法。【方法】试验以3年生库尔勒香梨为试材,研究不同刻芽和拉枝处理对萌芽、枝条以及叶片生长的影响。【结果】刻芽显著增加了萌芽率,刻芽处理后萌芽率均在80%~97%,长枝比例升高,萌芽期刻伤枝周2/3以上成花率高。拉枝90°叶片的长、宽、叶面积、百叶鲜重和叶绿素SPAD值最大,6月23日拉枝的成花率最高,其中拉枝90°成花率最高可达15.48%。拉枝后叶片的净光合速率升高,胞间CO₂浓度降低,6月23日拉枝90°的叶片净光合速率最高为9.55 μmol/(m²·s),拉枝90°叶片的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率也高于其他处理。【结论】库尔勒香梨幼树应选择在萌芽期进行刻芽,刻伤长度为枝周的2/3;省力密植栽培模式下库尔勒香梨幼树以6月23日拉枝90°效果最佳。

Effects of Bud-notching and Branch-bending on Growth and Development of Korla Fragrant Pear

【Objective】 To explore the suitable methods of bud-notching and branch-bending of Korla fragrant pear young trees under the labor-saving and dense planting mode.【Method】 3-year-old Korla fragrant pear was taken as test material in the experiments to study the effects of different bud-notching and branch-bending treatments on germination, branch and leaf growth. 【Result】 The results showed that bud-notching increased the germination rate. After bud-notching, the germination rate was between 80% and 97%, the proportion of long branches increased, and the flower formation rate was higher than 2/3 of the circumference of the cut branches during germination. The leaf length and width, leaf area, fresh weight of louver and chlorophyll SPAD value of the 90-degree-of-branch-pulling leaves were the highest, and the highest flowering rate of the 90-degree-of-branch-pulling leaves was 15.48% on June 23rd. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased and the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased after branch pulling. On June 23rd, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves with 90 degree branch pulling reached the highest value of 9.55 μmol/(m²·s), and the transpiration rate and water use efficiency of leaves with 90 degree branch pulling were also higher than those of other treatments. 【Conclusion】 According to comprehensive analysis, Korla fragrant pear young trees should be carved at the germination stage, and the length of carved injury is 2/3 of the circumference of branches; Under the labor-saving and dense planting mode, the best effect is to pull branches 90 on June 23rd.