新疆野生杏开花生物学特性及授粉受精初步研究

【目的】探讨新疆野生杏开花生物学规律及授粉受精结实特性。【方法】早春在新源野果林资源圃对野生杏开花物候期、花器官形态特征以及不完全花比例进行人工调查,研究不同授粉方式对野生杏坐果率的影响。【结果】新疆野生杏树开花相对集中在3月底4月初,持续约8~9 d;落花期3~4 d,从花芽开始膨大到落花期末,持续30 d左右;在自花授粉试验中各树均坐果,且坐果率均≥6%,表现为自交亲和(SC);通过花器官特征调查,不同野生杏之间完全花和不完全花比例差异很大,完全花比例最高的为4号杏,达90.0%,其次为2号杏80.0%,最低的为3号杏,仅为27.0%。【结论】5株野生杏人工异花授粉的平均坐果率为60.9%,比自花、自然授粉坐果率均较高,表现出较好的亲和性;通过授粉试验说明不同授粉方式中异花授粉效果较好,可以得到较高的坐果率。

Preliminary Study on Pollinating Fertilization and Biological Characters of Blossom on Wild Apricot in Xinjiang

【Objective】The wild apricot's flowering, pollination,fertilization and biological characteristics were studied in order to reveal its characteristics.【Method】In early spring,observations were conducted on the phenophase of blossom,characters of flower organ and imperfect flower of wild apricot in wild fruit tree resource nusery in Xinyuan.【Result】The blossom almost appeared at the end of March and the beginning of April,lasting for 8 to 9 days.The experiment of self-pollination showed that each tree could set fruit and the fruit setting percentage was greater than or equal to 6%,showing self-compatibility;Based on the observations,there was great difference between the percentage of perfect flower and imperfect flower,the highest percentage of perfect flower was observed in the apricot No.4,which reached 90.0%.Apricot No.2 ranked secondly,which was 80.0%,the lowest percentage of perfect flower was observed in aprocot No.3.It was only 27.0%.【Conclusion】The average of fruit set percentage of the five wild apricot strains was 60.9% after artificial pollination,which exhibits a better compatibility.It showed that the effect of cross pollination was better than that of natural and self pollination.And it could get higher fruit set percentage.