水氮运筹对化学封顶棉花二次生长的影响

【目的】研究水氮运筹对化学封顶棉花二次生长形态及发生规律,优化水肥调控结合化学封顶技术,有效控制棉花二次生长,为塑造棉花株型、调控采收的吐絮时间奠定理论与技术基础。【方法】以新陆早57号为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为施氮(纯 N)量,设3个施氮(纯 N)水平:N1、N2、N3分别为150、300、450 kg/hm²,副区为灌溉量,设3个灌水水平:W1、W2、W3分别为3 000 、4 500、6 000 m³/hm²。分析水氮处理对化学封顶棉花二次生长前后农艺性状、干物质积累及产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】灌水量增加延长棉花生育期,增加棉花植株株高、果枝数、二次生长率;施氮量(是)控制棉花干物质和产量形成因素。灌水处理为4 500和6 000 m³/hm²时,化学封顶棉花株高和果枝台数较高,易发生二次生长;施氮量在300 kg/hm²时,产量及其构成均高于其他。水氮处理组合以处理N2W2、N2W3表现较优,产量分别为6 349.21、6 203.54 kg/hm²。【结论】对化学打顶棉花,适当水氮运筹可控制棉花二次生长现象,且对棉花产量及品质无显著影响。

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Management on Secondary Growth of Chemical Topping Cotton

【Objective】 To research and explore the secondary growth patterns and occurrence patterns of chemical capping cotton in water and nitrogen operations, optimize the regulation of water fertilizer combined with chemical topping technology, effectively control the secondary growth of cotton, and lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the shaping of cotton plant type and the regulation of harvesting time.【Method】 The test used the Xinluzao 57 as the test material and used the crack zone experimental design. The main area was the nitrogen (pure N) quantity, and three nitrogen (pure N) levels were set: N1, N2, and N3, which were 150, 300, 450 kg/hm², respectively. The sub-area was the amount of irrigation, with 3 irrigation levels: W1, W2, and W3, which were 3,000, 4,500, and 6,000 m³/hm², respectively. The effects of water and nitrogen treatment on agronomic properties, dry matter accumulation, yield and fiber quality before and after secondary growth of chemically topped cotton were studied.【Result】The increase of irrigation water increased the growth period of cotton and increased the plant height, number of fruit branches and secondary growth rate. Nitrogen application controlled dry matter and yield formation factors in cotton. When the irrigation treatment was 4,500 and 6,000 m³/hm², chemical topping cotton plant Gaohe had a high number of branches and was prone to secondary growth. When the amount of nitrogen applied was 300 kg/hm², the yield and composition were higher than others. The combination of water and nitrogen treatment to treat N2W2 and N2W3 performed better, with yields of 6,349.21 and 6,203.54 kg/hm², respectively.【Conclusion】 For chemical topping cotton, proper water and nitrogen operation can control the secondary growth of cotton, and there is no significant effect on the yield and quality of cotton.