退化草原恢复中草原植物群落特征的变化

【目的】分析实施禁牧和草畜平衡后的退化草原植被群落特征,研究退化草原生态环境恢复情况,为乌鲁木齐市退化草地的恢复重建提供科学指导。【方法】选取乌鲁木齐市实施禁牧和草畜平衡的天然草地为对象,对不同恢复年限禁牧区和草畜平衡区的植被长势变化及植物群落平均高度、盖度和地上生物量等进行实地调查和分析,研究退化草地在恢复过程中植物群落特征的变化。【结果】(1)实施草原补奖政策后,恢复5 a后较恢复1 a,恢复8 a较恢复5 a草原植物长势明显变好。(2)禁牧区不同草地类型的植被盖度、高度和生物量随恢复时间的延长呈上升趋势,草畜平衡区不同草地类呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在恢复8 a时出现下降趋势,这可能与2018年乌鲁木齐市降雨量较低有关。【结论】通过实施禁牧和草畜平衡,乌鲁木齐市草地退化的现象得到了一定程度的遏制和改善,在政策实施8 a后草地植被恢复较好,但不同草地类型的变化有所差异,需继续加强草地资源监测。

Changes of the Characteristics of Vegetation Community during Restoration of Degraded Grasslands in Urumqi

【Objective】 Based on the analysis of the characteristics of vegetation community in the degraded grassland after implementing the policy of grazing ban and grass-animal balance, the ecological environment restoration of the degraded grassland ecological environment was discussed, so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded grassland in Urumqi. 【Method】 The natural grasslands in Urumqi with implementing the policy of ban on grazing and grass-animal balance were selected as the research objects. Field surveys and comparative analysis of growth changes, average height, coverage, and above-ground biomass of the plant community in different restoration years were conducted, and the changes of plant community characteristics during the restoration of degraded grasslands were studied. 【Results】 (1) After the implementation of the grassland compensation policy, the recovery of grassland plants in 5th years was better than that of the 1st year, and the growth of grassland plants in 8th years was better than that in 5th years. (2) The coverage, height, and biomass in different steppe in forbidden grazing areas showed a volatile upward trend with the extension of recovery time, and that of different grassland groups in the grass-animal balance area tended to increase first and then decrease with the continuous recovery time. The decrease might be associated with reduced rainfall in Urumqi in 2018. 【Conclusion】 Through the implementation of grazing ban and grass-animal balance, the degradation of Urumqi grassland has been improved to a certain extent and grassland vegetation has recovered well, but the changes in different grassland types are different. We need to be continued to strengthen the monitoring of grassland resources and provide more scientific guidance for the restoration and management of degraded grasslands in Urumqi.