新疆伊犁河谷地区瓢虫种类及其群落组成与结构分析

【目的】系统调查新疆伊犁河谷地区瓢虫资源种类,为天敌资源的保护与利用提供科学指导。【方法】采用网捕法和目测法,对新疆伊犁河谷地区9个县市14种典型生境90样点的天敌瓢虫种类组成与分布进行了系统调查。【结果】共获1 173号标本,隶属于3亚科11属20种,其中优势种为多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata和方斑瓢虫Propylea quaturodecirnpunctata,中国双七星瓢虫Coccinulla sinensis (Weise,1889)为新疆新记录种。不同生境中瓢虫种类组成与群落结构存在显著差异,杂草生境瓢虫种类最为丰富,达13种,而苹果园生境瓢虫种类最少,仅为1种。物种多样性分析表明,不同生境系统中麦田与水稻田生境的多样性指数最高,为0.710 942、0.693 948,且丰富度指数也很高,而均匀度指数较差,为0.396 785、0.356 619,而且优势度指数也较低;而苹果园和桃树园前3个多样性指标都很低,优势度指数却最高;不同地区中尼勒克县和伊宁县的多样性指数都很高,各为0.703 382、0.667 679,并丰富度指数也很高,各为1.257 681、1.645 922,但这两县的均匀度指数较差,各为0.361467、0.289 969,优势度指数也较低;而特克斯县的多样性指数最低,为0.301 030,而且丰富度指数较低,为0.378 923,优势度却最高,为0.500 000。【结论】外界干涉越频繁,对瓢虫种类的分布、物种类群多样性均不利,群落结构较单一,生态系统越不稳定,影响伊犁河谷地区的瓢虫群落结构变化。在伊宁县、尼勒克县等地区以及瓢虫种类最为丰富的生境上加强瓢虫天敌的保护与利用,可最大限度发挥自然控害效应。

A Preliminary Report on the Species of Natural Enemies Ladybug in Yili Valley of Xinjiang

【Objective】 As an important group of natural enemies, ladybug has great potential for exploitation and utilization. In order to provide scientific guidance for the protection and utilization of natural enemies in Yili valley, a systematic investigation of ladybug species in Yili valley, Xinjiang was conducted. 【Method】In this study, the composition and distribution of ladybug species of 14 typical habitats in 90 sites in 9 counties and cities in Yili valley, Xinjiang were investigated by net and visual methods.【Result】A total of 1,173 specimens belonging to 20 species of 11 genera of 3 subfamilies were obtained, among which the dominant species were Hippodamia variegate and Propylea quaturodecimpunctata. Coccinulla sinensis (Weise,1889) was a new record species in Xinjiang. There were significant differences in the species composition and community structure of ladybug in different habitats. Ladybug species in weed habitat were the most abundant, up to 13 species, while ladybug species in apple orchard habitat were the least, only 1 species. The species diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of wheat and paddy fields in different habitat systems were the highest, which were 0.710,942 and 0.693,948, and the richness indexes were also high, while the evenness indexes were poor, which were 0.396,785 and 0.356,619, and the dominance indexes were also low. However, the first three diversity indexes of apple orchard and peach orchard were very low, but the dominance indexes were the highest. In different areas, the diversity indexes of Nilke County and Yining County were very high, 0.703,382 and 0.667,679 respectively, and the richness indexes were also very high, 1.257,681 and 1.645,922 respectively, but the evenness indexes of these two counties were poor, 0.361,467 and 0.289,969 respectively, and the dominance index was also low. The diversity index of Tex County was the lowest, 0.301,030, and the richness index was lower, 0.378,923, while the dominance index was the highest, 0.500,000. 【Conclusion】The more frequent the external intervention, the worse the distribution of ladybug species and the diversity of species and groups. The more single community structure was, the more unstable the ecosystem was, which affected the change of ladybug community structure in Yili valley. It is suggested that the protection and utilization of natural enemies of ladybugs should be strengthened in Yining County, Nilke County and other areas with the most abundant ladybug species.