新疆南疆机采棉品种株型结构与产量性状的相关性

【目的】分析不同类型陆地棉品种的株型结构及产量性状,研究高产优质机采棉品种的株型结构与产量结构的特点,为棉花结构育种提供理论参考。【方法】测试不同机采棉品种的株型结构性状及产量结构相关指标,利用差异显著性分析、相关分析等统计方法,研究几种机采棉品种的株型性状、产量结构性状及其相关性特点。【结果】籽棉产量与株高、主茎节间长、果枝数、果节数存在正相关但不显著,与果枝始节高度呈负相关;株高与果枝始节高存在显著正相关,与主茎节间长度呈极显著相关; 17N11株型为塔型结构,其底部主茎叶片保留完整、籽棉产量、株高最高,而17N13主茎叶片数最多,17N5则具有最小的叶片脱落率;在棉花株型结构的共性方面,棉花果枝角度具有由上至下呈增大趋势,而变异能力则呈现与之相反的趋势(上部＞中部＞下部)。棉花主茎叶大小具有由上部至下部减小的趋势,变异能力亦呈现与之相反的趋势(下部＞中部＞上部)。【结论】株型结构具备中、上部果枝夹角较小(上部＜32.0°,中部＜50.0°),主茎叶总面积高于320 cm²,下部主茎叶片脱落率低于20%的机采棉品种产量优势显著,中上部果枝夹角、主茎叶总面积、下部主茎叶片脱落率可作为株型育种后代材料选择依据。

Study on Correlation between the Plant Type Structure and Yield Components of Machine-picked Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

【Objective】 To analyze the plant type structure and yield traits of different upland cotton varieties, and to clarify the characteristics of plant type structure and yield structure of high-yield and high-quality machine-picked cotton varieties.【Method】 By testing the structural characters and relative indexes of yield structure of different cotton-harvesting varieties, using statistical methods such as difference significance analysis and correlation analysis, the characteristics of plant type, yield structure and correlation of several cotton-harvesting varieties were studied.【Result】 In the correlation of plant type traits, cotton plant height was significantly correlated with internode spacing and initial internode height; In the comparison of varieties, 17N11 had the highest yield, the highest plant height, the strongest trend of tower type structure, and the leaves of the bottom main stem remained the most complete. 17N13 had the largest leaf and stem. 17N5 had the smallest leaf abscission rate, and the angle of cotton fruit branch increased from top to bottom, while the variation ability showed the opposite trend (upper > middle > lower). The main stem and leaf size of cotton decreased from top to bottom, and the variation ability showed the same trend (upper > middle > lower).【Conclusion】 High-yielding varieties of machine-harvested cotton should have appropriate good tower structure such as the smaller angle between the stem and fruit branch(upper＜32.0,middle＜50.0°),the big larger leaf areas(>320 cm²) of main stem leaves and smaller shedding rate of the middle and lower main stem leaves(lower＜20%),which is the basis for selection of machine-harvested cotton in plant type breeding .