加工番茄膜下滴灌根系分布规律的研究

研究了根区水分变化对加工番茄根系分布及产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:滴灌条件下,加工番茄根系干物质主要分布在0~30 cm土层内;不同水分处理对根系干物重和根长密度的垂直分布有着显著影响。其中,调亏灌溉处理在60 cm以下土壤根系分布相对较高,且显著高于其它两个处理;根系水平分布的集中区域随土壤含水量的升高逐渐远离滴灌带,适水灌溉和充分灌溉处理根量水平分布无显著差异,但均显著高于调亏处理;研究也表明,灌前0~60 cm土层土壤含水量,以开花初期根区水分保持在60%~65%、开花座果期以75%~80%、结果期保持80%~85%,结果后期又降至60%~65%的田间持水量,根系发育健壮,单株结果数较多,根冠比较高,产量和水分利用效率最高。通过滴灌自动控制根区水分,用根钻法结合DT-SCAN图像分析技术来研究大田加工番茄根系分布规律是一种可靠的方法。

A Study on Root System Distribution of Processing Tomato under Film Drip Irrigation

Effect of variation of soil moisture of root zone on root distribution,fruit yield and water utilization efficiency(WUE) were studied in processing tomato in Agricultural Experiment Station of Shihhotze University.The results showed that most root dry matter of processing tomato were distributed within soil layer 0-30 cm under condition of drip irrigation.The root distribution ratio within soil layer 0-60 cm of the regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) treatment was significanly higher than other treatments.The concentrated district of root distribution at horizontal level gradually reduced from the dripping point with ascending soil moisture.There were no significant difference between the proper irrigation and sufficient irrigation on the root biomass at horizontal level,but the difference is significant,compared with the RDI treatment.The conclusion from this study was that soil moisture within 0-60 cm layer should be changed from 60% to 65% soil water relativity during the early blooming stage,then(70%-75%)during the blooming fruit setting period,and in fruit period the soil moisture should be changed between 80%-85% and then(60% and 65%) during ripe period,the root system grows reasonably,the number of fruit per plant is great.The root cap is comparatively high,the yield and utilization of water are the highest.The water content of rooting zone was automatically controlled.Through drip irrigation to automaticly control root zone water content,it is a good way to study the processing tomato root system by combining root auger and DT-SCN image analysis methods.