抗冻蛋白应用前景及基因工程表达研究进展

抗冻蛋白(antifreeze protein,AFP)又称为热滞蛋白,是一类抑制冰晶生长的蛋白,它具有三个基本特征:热滞效应(thermal hysteresis activity,THA)、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应(frecrystallization inhibition,RI),抗冻蛋白是一类广泛存在于鱼类、植物、真菌、昆虫中的蛋白,不同生物的AFPs的化学结构、理化性质、空间构型各不相同,并且同类生物之间的AFPs同源性也不高,不存在相似性序列或结构模式,说明它们可能是在不同的有机体中独立进化而来,没有共同的演化规律。随着研究的深入,抗冻蛋白可广泛应用于医学农学食品工业等领域,起到冷冻保护剂,食品添加剂的作用,前人已经对抗冻蛋白的结构、生化性质和抗冻机制进行了阐述,研究主要对抗冻蛋白应用方面及基因工程的表达作了系统综述,为抗冻蛋白的深入研究奠定基础。

Researches Advances in Application of Antifreeze Protein and Its Gene Engineering Expression

Antifreeze protein(AFP),also known as thermal hysteresis protein,It is a class of proteinThat inhibiting the growth of ice crystals.It has three basic characteristics;thermal hysteresis effect(THA),the effect of ice crystals form,recrystallization inhibitory effect(RI),To date,AFPs have been widely found in a variety of organisms,such as fish,insects,plants,bacteria and fungi,isolated from a number of fish,plants, bacteria,fungi and arthropods.Different biological AFPs chemical structure,physical and chemical properties,spatial configuration of each are not identical,and similar biological between AFPs homology is not high,there is no similar sequence or structural patterns,indicating that they may be in different organisms evolved independently,there is no common evolution law.Along with the development of research,Antifreeze protein can be widely used in agriculture,medicine food sciences and industry,It played a role in the cryoprotectant and food additives.The biochemical characteristics,as well as antifreeze mechanism are reviewed,Furthermore,the application of AFPs and the expression of gene engineering are discussed.That could make research foundation for Antifreeze protein.