新疆干旱区密植条件下不同玉米品种主要农艺性状及耐密性分析

【目的】 以耐密系数为依据,结合株高、穗位高、平均单株产量等主要农艺性状,鉴定筛选与分析新疆干旱与半干旱区种植主要玉米品种的耐密性,为耐密种质创新和新品种选育提供理论基础和技术支撑。【方法】 选用最新国审、省审、即将审定、进入国家和省级区域试验表现突出的先玉335、联创825、新玉108等11个中晚熟玉米品种为材料。采用裂区设计,密度为主处理,品种为副处理,设计2个密度水平(8.25×10⁴株/hm²,10.5×10⁴株/hm²),研究生育期对其株高、穗位高、产量等主要农艺性状及耐密性。【结果】 随着种植密度的增加表现增产,先玉335在8.25×10⁴株/hm²低密度条件下产量为19 954.23 kg/hm²,10.5×10⁴株/hm²高密度下产量为20 131.33 kg/ hm²,在高密度条件下产量达到最大潜力;国内品种联创825、新玉108号、九圣禾2468、MC703等品种产量潜力较大,但整体产量水平低于国外品种。九圣禾2468在8.25×10⁴株/hm²低密度条件下产量为17 879.6 kg/hm²,10.5×10⁴株/hm²高密度下产量为18 003.85 kg/hm²,表现出较强的耐密性。【结论】 结合产量、株高、穗位高、单株产量及耐密系数等主要农艺性状综合评价,先玉335、先玉1225等国外品种耐密性较强,联创825、新玉108号、九圣禾2468等国内品种耐密性也较好。

Study on Main Agronomic Traitsand Density Tolerance of Different Maize Varieties under Dense Planting Conditions in Arid Areas of Xinjiang

【Objective】 On the basis of density tolerance coefficient, combined with the main agronomic traits, such as plant height, spike height and average yield per plant, the density tolerance of the main maize varieties planted in arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang were identified, screened and analyzed in the hope of providing theoretical basis and technical support for the innovation of density tolerance germplasm and the breeding of new varieties.【Method】 11 medium and late-maturing maize varieties, such as Xianyu335, Lianchuang 825 and Xinyu108, were selected as test materials in this experiment, which were the latest national, provincial, or about to be examined into national and provincial regional tests with outstanding performances. Split zone design was adopted, with density as the main treatment and variety as the secondary treatment. 2 density levels were designed (82,500 plants /hm² and 105,000 plants /hm²). The main agronomic traits such as plant height, spike height, yield and density tolerance were analyzed and studied during the growth period.【Result】 The results showed that: with the increase of planting density, the yield of Xianyu 335 was 19,954.23 kg/hm² under the low density condition of 82,500 plants /hm², and that of 105,000 plants /hm² under the high density condition was 20,131.33 kg/ hm², and the yield reached the maximum potential under the high density condition. Domestic varieties such as Lianchuang 825, Xinyu 108, Jiushenghe 2468 and MC703 had great yield potential, but the overall yield level was lower than those of foreign varieties. The yield of Jiushenghe 2468 was 17,879.6 kg/hm² under the low density condition of 82,500 plants/hm², and 18,003.85 kg/hm² under the high density condition of 105,000 plants/hm², performing strong tightness.【Conclusion】 Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of the main agronomic characters, such as yield, plant height, spike height, yield per plant and density tolerance coefficient, Xianyu 335, Xianyu 1225 and other foreign varieties have strong density tolerance, and Lianchuang 825, Xinyu 108, Jiushenghe 2468 and other domestic varieties have better density tolerance.