新疆棉田僵铃和裂铃发生原因分析

【目的】 研究新疆棉田僵铃和裂铃发生原因,为新疆棉田僵铃和裂铃有效防治提供参考。【方法】 调查田间症状,研究花蓟马和棉蚜为害情况,比较其发生与以往烂铃病害的区别。采用尼龙纱网罩接虫法,观察花蓟马和棉蚜的危害症状;在新疆南北疆棉区分别采集僵铃与裂铃病样,对病原进行分离、纯化和鉴定;调查分析棉蚜危害和僵铃与裂铃发生的关系。【结果】 棉铃表面产生锈褐色斑纹主要是花蓟马危害造成;单纯棉蚜为害并不直接产生僵铃和裂铃症状,但其所产生的伤口和分泌物会诱发一些弱寄生菌如枝孢属真菌(Cladosporium spp.)和链格孢菌(Alternaria spp.)等的感染,是造成黑色和黑褐色或橄榄绿色僵铃和裂铃的主要原因。【结论】 花蓟马是造成新疆棉田铃面产生锈色斑纹主要原因;棉蚜的单纯为害虽不直接形成黑色僵铃和裂铃,但其为害及其所产生的伤口和分泌物可明显诱发一些弱寄生菌:如链格孢菌(Arternaria spp.)和枝孢菌(Cladosporium spp.)的侵染和繁殖,导致发生僵铃和裂铃。

Preliminary Study on the Causes of Stiffness and Cracking Boll in Xinjiang Cotton Fields

【Objective】 Since 2015, a so-called stiffness and cracking boll has occurred in cotton fields of Xinjiang, which has caused a great impact on the yield and quality of cotton. So, experiments were carried out to ascertain the cause.【Methods】 The key factor that caused stiffness and cracking cotton bolls in Xinjiang were revealed by distinguishing the symptoms of previouslyreported boll rot disease. In order to find out whether F. intonsa and A. gossypii were harmful, these symptoms were observed by the method of nylon mesh cover for worm-wearing. In order to find out whether the pathogen was infected, the samples were collected in the cotton fields of northern and southern Xinjiang, and their pathogens were isolated, purified and identified. At the same time, the harm of cotton aphid and the relationship between stiff boll and cracking boll were preliminarily investigated.【Results】 The main cause of rust-colored markings on the boll surface of cotton in fields in Xinjiang was F. intonsa. although the simple harm of cotton aphid did not directly from the symptoms of stiffness and cracking bolls, its harm and the resulting wound and its secretion could obviously induce weak parasitic bacteria such as Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. infection and growth, and lead to the occurrence of dark brown or olive green stiffness and cracking bolls in cotton fields of Xinjiang.【Conclusion】 The main cause of rust-colored markings on the boll surface of cotton in fields in Xinjiang was F. intonsa.