花期摘叶和摘萼片对库尔勒香梨维管束发育影响及与萼筒脱落的关系

【目的】 研究不同处理对不同序位果柄、胴部和萼筒维管束发育的影响及与萼筒脱落的关系,分析叶片和萼片对萼筒维管束发育影响的差异。【方法】 以杜梨为砧木的香梨为材料,在花序伸长期对库尔勒香梨进行摘叶与摘萼片处理,比较摘叶与摘萼片处理对不同序位香梨果实萼筒脱萼率与果实不同部位维管束数目和面积的影响。【结果】 摘叶使第1、2序位脱萼率降低,第3、4、5序位脱萼率增加;摘萼片处理使第1序位脱萼率降低,第2、3序位脱萼率增加,对第4、5序位影响较小。维管束数目和面积在不同序位间、果实不同部位间均存在差别,即随着花序伸长期进程推移,摘叶与摘萼片处理的第1、2序位维管束数目和面积均呈逐渐增加趋势,第3、4、5序位果柄、胴部、萼筒等部位的维管束数目和面积均呈先增加后减少的趋势。摘叶促进第4、5序位维管束数目与第5序位胴部维管束面积的增加;摘萼片促进第1序位至第5序位维管束数目与第1、2、3序位维管束面积的增加(除第2序位胴部维管束面积受到抑制)。【结论】 摘叶对梨果实维管束发育的抑制作用较大,增加果实萼筒脱萼率;而摘萼片处理促进后期维管束数目增长,对果柄维管束的发育有较高的促进作用,降低果实萼筒脱萼率。

Effects of Picking Leaves and Sepals during Flower Season on the Vascular Bundle Development of Korla Pear and the Relationship with the Tube Detachments

【Objective】 To study the effects of different treatments on the development of vascular bundles of fruit stalks, ankles and sacs of Korla Fragrant pears, and the detachment of the stalks during the inflorescence elongation period in the hope of clarifying the differences in the effects of leaves and sepals on the development of vascular bundles.【Method】 The pears with Du pear as the rootstock were used as materials to compare the effects of leaf picking and sepal picking on the shedding rate of different order pear fruits and the number and area of vascular bundles in different parts of the fruit.【Results】 Compared with the control, the leaf shedding rate decreased the first and second order dislocation rates, and the third, fourth, and fifth order dislocation rates increased; the sepal excision treatment reduced the first and the second order dislocation rate, The 3rd position dislocation rate increased, and the influence on the 4th and 5th order was small. The number and area of vascular bundles of fragrant pears differed between different orders and different parts of the fruit. That was, as the inflorescence elongation process progressed, the number and area of vascular bundles of the first and the second orders treated by leaf picking and sepal picking all gradually increased the trend, the number and area of vascular bundles in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th positions of the stem, crotch, and sputum all increased first and then decreased. The results of this study showed that leaf picking promoted the number of vascular bundles in the 4th and 5th orders and the vascular bundle area in the 5th order; The number of vascular bundles in the first to 5th order was improved and the area of the vascular bundle in the first, the second and the third order was enlarged by the sepal picking. (except for that, the area of the vascular bundle in the second order was inhibited).【Conclusion】 Comprehensive comparison showed that leaf picking had a greater inhibitory effect on the vascular bundle development of pear fruits, thereby increasing the rate of fruit tuber detachment. However, the treatment of sepal picking promoted the increase of the number of vascular bundles in the later period and development of fruit stem vascular bundles, thus reducing the rate of fruit tuber shedding.