干旱区四种典型植物根构型及其功能特征研究

目的]探讨干旱区植物根系构型及其功能特征。方法]以艾比湖流域四种典型一年生草本植物盐爪爪、盐角草、猪毛菜、碱蓬为对象,分析四种植物地下根系的数量特征、生理生化特征。结果]碱蓬和盐爪爪主根较长,细根分布范围较广,根系相对发达,猪毛菜和盐角草主根较短,细根分布范围相对较窄,株高较小,但根径和茎径较粗,四种植物的比根长和比表面积顺序均为碱蓬>盐角草>盐爪爪>猪毛菜。氮磷比值(N/P)碱蓬为最大,盐爪爪最小,N/P与植株的茎径和根径存在显著负相关关系,而与植株株高、根长、根径、冠幅等呈显著正相关。结论]对植株根系活力贡献最大的因子是全磷、全氮和过氧化氢酶(CATU)含量,四种植物根系活力综合得分的排序为盐角草>猪毛菜>盐爪爪>碱蓬。

Study on Four Typical Plant Root Architectures and Functions in Arid Area

Objective and Method]The purpose of the paper was to explore plant root architectures and functions in arid areas.Method]Four typical yearly herbs in Ebinur Lake Basin:Kalidium foliatum, Salicomia europaea,Salsola arbuscula,Suaeda glauca were chosen to analyze quantitative characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the four kinds of plant underground roots.Result]The main roots of Suaeda glauca and Kalidium foliatum were longer and wider,and their root system was relatively developed.The main roots of Salsola arbuscula and Salicomia europaea were shorter,fine roots distribute narrower,plant height was lower,but the roots and stem diameter were greater;the specific root length was consistent with specific root surface area:Suaeda glauca>Salicomia europaea>Kalidium foliatum> Salsola arbuscula.Conclusion]Suaeda glauca N/P ratio was the maximum,while Kalidium foliatum N/P ratio was the minimum in the four kinds of plants.N/P ratio and plant stem diameter and root diameter had significant negative correlation.N/P ratio and plant height,root length,root diameter,crown had significant positive correlation.Factor analyses showed drat the biggest contribution factor of root activity was total phosphorus,total nitrogen and CATU content.The order of composite score of four plant roots was Salicornia europaea>Salsola arbuscula>Kalidium foliatum > Suaeda glauca.