新疆伊犁野生樱桃李优良无性系的定向选择研究

野生樱桃李是我国仅存于新疆伊犁的珍稀濒危树种。对人工仿生栽培的野生樱桃李,在对农艺性状、经济性状及抗逆性调查的基础上,通过初选、实地调查、专家复选,确定41个优良单株,又从果色、可溶性固形物含量、单果平均重大小、核果比、总酸、单株平均产量6个性状进行了聚类分析,采用模糊数学隶属函数综合评判的方法,结合不同地点的栽培试验,最后决选出4个综合品质优良的无性系,储备良种种质资源11个。筛选出的优良无性系果实果色为紫色,可溶性固形物含量比对照高4.8%~45.9%;单果平均重比对照大18.5%~84.6%;核果比值比对照小22.2%~44.7%;总酸度比对照高31.5%~64.9%;单株平均产量是对照的1.35~3.69倍。

Directional Selection of Wild Prunus divaricata Elite Varieties in Ili of Xinjiang

Wild Prunus divaricata is a rare and endangered tree species,which only distributes in Ili prefecture,Xinjiang of China.In this article,directional selection of Wild Prunus divaricata elite varieties in bionic cultivation is studied.Firstly,41 good varieties are selected based on agricultural characters,tolerance to environmental stresses and economical characters after primary selection.Secondly,6 characters including fruit colour,soluble solid content, average weight per fruit,ratio of stone and fruit,total acidity and average yield per tree are clustred and analysed.Fianally,4 elite varieties are selectied according to synthetical evaluation combining with the stability result in rigional test.11 varieties are reserved as genetic resources.Elite varieties have purple fruits all.The content of soluble solid is 4.8%-45.9% higher than that of CK.Average weight per fruit is 18.5%-84.6% higher than that of CK.The ratio of stone fruit is reduced by 22.2%-44.7%,compared with CK.The total acidity is 31.5%-64.9% higher than that of CK.The average yield per tree is increased by 1.35%3.6% times.