新疆有机肥资源的区域差异及分布特征

【目的】利用有机肥资源进行耕地质量建设,发展可持续农业,分析其区域分布特征,选择合理有效的利用模式。【方法】基于新疆有机肥资源调查统计数据,对各区域的秸秆、粪肥、绿肥、饼肥的区域优势度进行计算。采用层次聚类分析法,对各区域之间有机肥区域优势度的相似性进行分析,区分不同的区域有机肥发展类型。【结果】(1)新疆有机肥资源丰富,总量为7 708.47×104t。区域分异较大,喀什、阿克苏、伊犁、塔城和昌吉这五个地州占新疆有机肥总资源量的50%。克拉玛依市有机肥资源量最小,仅占总资源量的0.72%。(2)根据聚类分析的结果,将全疆各地区分为秸秆、绿肥发展并重区、人畜禽粪肥发展重点区、绿肥发展重点区、秸秆和饼肥发展区。乌鲁木齐市和昌吉州,对绿肥的重视程度比较高,是发展绿肥的优势区域;畜牧业发达的伊犁、克孜勒苏州(以下简称克州)、阿勒泰等地区,人畜禽粪肥资源较为丰富,具有发展粪肥的优势;种植业发达的喀什、塔城和博尔塔拉州(以下简称博州)以及阿克苏和巴音郭楞州(以下简称巴州)则可作为秸秆发展的重点区域。【结论】新疆有机肥资源较丰富,但区域分异较大,利用率低;需要根据各地区有机肥现状和特点制定发展策略。

Regional differences and distribution of organic fertilizer source in Xinjiang

【Objective】 For the purpose of using organic fertilizer resources to improve the quality of cultivated land and keep agriculture’s sustainable development,it is necessary to analyze the regional distribution for selecting rational and effective use of mode.【Method】Basing on Xinjiang organic fertilizer resources statistic data,the regional dominance degree was calculated.In order to cluster similar regional dominance degree,the different types of organic development of the region were distinguished.【Result】(1)There are rich organic fertilizer resources in Xinjiang,and the total amount is about 7 708.47×104 t.The regional organic fertilizer resources are extremely different.The proportion of fertilizer resources in Kashi,Aksu,Yili,Tacheng and Changji is over 50% of the total of Xinjiang.The proportion in Karamay is only 0.72%.(2)As the result of the cluster,the organic fertilizer resource regions were divided into four types as follows: straw and green manure development focus region;dung development focus region;green manure development focus region;green manure and cake fertilizer development focus region.Urumqi and Changji are at the advantage of having green manure;Yili,Kezhou,Altay etc.have the advantage to dung due to their husbandry;Kashi,Tacheng,Aksu,Bozhou,Bazhou have the advantage to straw,which can be regarded as the straw development focus region.【Conclusion】 Although Xinjiang has abundant organic fertilizer resources,their distribution is unbalanced with low utilization rate,so it is necessary to formulate different organic fertilizer development strategies according to their characteristics at the present situation.