新疆耕地变化的时间特征及耕地保护的SWOT分析

目的]新疆的后备耕地资源面积为1425.60×104hm2,占全国后备耕地资源的21.69;.在当前城市化、工业化步伐不断加快,人口不断增长,各业用地矛盾日益突出、粮食安全等问题十分严峻的情况下,新疆在我国耕地保护中的作用越来越突出.研究在通过对新疆耕地保护的优势劣势、面临的机遇和挑战进行全面分析的基础上,为耕地保护战略的制定及实施提供依据.方法]SWOT分析方法.结果](1)1997～2007年,全国的耕地面积呈减少的态势,而新疆则反之,耕地面积净变化率为3.23;.新疆的耕地面积变化可以划分为三个阶段,分别为1997～2001年为耕地的快速增长期；2001-2004年为耕地的快速下滑期；2004～2007年为耕地面积的缓慢恢复期.(2)新疆耕地保护的优势在于水土光热资源较为丰富,农业生产条件好,农产品品质好,比较优势明显；劣势在于资源性缺水较为严重,土壤贫瘠,水土流失、盐渍化问题严重.面临的机遇为周边区域和国家对新疆农产品的需求增大,耕地经济效益连续多年提高.国家和新疆加大了对耕地的资金投入,面临的挑战为新疆绿洲外围生态环境趋于不利化,生态需水向农业用水的保障提出了挑战,耕地可持续利用面临考验.结论]通过SWOT分析可以得出,通过适当的方法能够使新疆耕地得到保护,农业获得可持续发展,水资源是新疆耕地保护的主要障碍因素.基于上述分析,新疆的耕地保护战略应该为在保持现有耕地面积的基础上,逐步提高耕地质量,加大土地整理力度,控制土地开发,提高耕地利用效率.

The SWOT Analysis of Cultivated Land Protection and Temporal Characteristics of Cultivated Land Area in Xinjiang

【Objective】The area of reserved cultivated land resource in Xinjiang is 1 425.60×104 hm2,accounting for about 21.69% countrywide.The function of cultivating land protection of Xinjiang is becoming increasingly important in China with the emerging land conflict and food security by the accelerating urbanization and industrialization and growing population.This paper analyses strength,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of cultivated land protection of Xinjiang by SWOT analysis method in order to provide bases for making and implementing relevant strategies to protect cultivated land.【Method】SWOT analysis method was used in our research.【Results】(1) From 1997 to 2007,the area of cultivated land of all provinces in China decreased except that in Xinjiang.There are three stages of change of cultivated land area.The first stage is the rapid growth period from 1997 to 2001;the second is rapid decreasing period from 2001 to 2004;the third is rehabilitating period from 2004-2007.(2) The comparative advantages of protecting the cultivated land in Xinjiang lie in its abundant light,heat,water and soil resources,favorable agricultural productive conditions and excellent quality of agricultural products.The weakness is the severe shortage of water resources,impoverished soil,and soil erosion and salinization.The opportunities facing us are the increasing demand for our agricultural products in the surrounding regions and countries,the increased yearly economic efficiency of cultivated land and the greater investment by Xinjiang and the state.Challenges are that the environment around the oases is constantly deteriorating and the ecological water is challenging the agricultural water,so the sustainable utilization of land is undergoing an austere test.【Conclusion】Conclusion can be drawn from the result of SWOT analyses: appropriate methods are likely to protect the cultivated land in Xinjinag and sustainable development of agriculture can be ensured.However,the shortage of water resources restricts its protection efforts in this area.Based on the above analyses,the stratagem of protecting cultivated land can be described as maintaining the area of the cultivated land,controlling land acquisition,promoting cultivated land quality and utilizing efficiency.