我国不同年代主要玉米品种耐旱性鉴定与评价

【目的】鉴定评价我国不同年代大面积推广的35个主要玉米品种的耐旱性。【方法】采用裂区设计,不同水分管理为主处理,品种为副处理,重复3次。调查生育期、单株籽粒产量和相关农艺性状,计算耐旱系数和产量耐旱性指数,进行耐旱性分析评价。【结果】单株籽粒产量耐旱系数与穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒重的耐旱系数呈极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.586、0.522、0.542和0.350,各农艺性状与单株产量的相关程度为:穗长>行粒数>穗粗>百粒重>雄穗长>穗位高>株高;产量耐旱性指数表明,不同年代玉米品种耐旱性差异显著,随年代的变化,耐旱性呈逐渐增强趋势,2000年代玉米品种耐旱性显著优于其他年代品种。【结论】采用产量耐旱性指数结合主要农艺性状耐旱系数可有效评价玉米品种耐旱性。参试品种中耐旱性极强的品种为先玉335和沈单16号;耐旱性强的品种为黄417、沈单7号、掖单2号、吉单180、掖单13、农大108、登海9号、鲁单981等。

Identification and Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Major Maize Varieties of Different Eras in China

【Objective】The drought resistance of the major 35 maize varieties that have been planted in large areas in China was identified and analyzed.【Method】 The experiment utilized the split-plot design with water as main plots and variety as subplots,and the whole process was repeated 3 times.Growth period,related agronomic characters and the seed yield per plant were collected to calculate their drought tolerance coefficient and yield tolerance index.After that they were analyzed and evaluated.【Result】The drought resistance coefficient of the seed yield per plant,the ear length,ear diameter,grain number per row and hundred grain weight were significantly and positively correlated,and the correlation coefficients were 0.586,0.522,0.542 and 0.350.The correlated degree of the agronomic characters and yield per plant: ear length > kernels per ear > ear diameter >100-kernel weight> tassel length > ear height > plant height;Yield drought indexes show that drought tolerance in maize of different times is significant.And drought tolerance has been gradually increased with the time change.The drought tolerance of the year 2000 maize varieties were significantly better than the other’s.【Conclusion】Yield drought index combined with the drought tolerance coefficient of the main agronomic traits can be an effective evaluation of maize varieties.The participant varieties of the maize with very strong drought resistance were Xianyu 335 and Shendan 16;those species with rather strong drought resistance were Huang 417,Shendan 7,Yedan 2,Jidan 180,Yedan 13,Nongda 108,Denghai 9 and Ludan 981.