四种生物源农药对葡萄斑叶蝉的药效评价

【目的】葡萄斑叶蝉是新疆葡萄生产上的重要害虫,以成、若虫群集于葡萄叶的背面,吸食汁液,使叶片正面呈现白色斑点,虫口密度大时整株叶片变为黄白色、焦枯并提前脱落严重影响葡萄产量和果实品质。结合新疆生产实际,筛选对葡萄斑叶蝉防效较好的生物源农药,为安全、高效治理葡萄斑叶蝉提供科学依据。【方法】选择四种生物药剂进行田间防治葡萄斑叶蝉的药效试验及评价。【结果】四种生物源农药对葡萄斑叶蝉防效顺序是0.3%印楝素乳油500倍最好,其次是艾绿士60 g/L悬浮剂(乙基多杀菌素)和云菊5%天然除虫菊素乳油,药剂持效期为7～9 d。云菊5%天然除虫菊素乳油(1 200倍)、艾绿士60 g/L悬浮剂(乙基多杀菌素4 000倍)防治葡萄斑叶蝉具有较好的速效性和持效性,5 d后的防效仍保持在64%～80%。【结论】四种生物源农药表现出了不同的速效性及持效性,可作为化学农药的替代产品,交替使用。

Field Control Effect Evaluation of Four Biogenic Pesticides against Grape Leafhopper Erythroneura apicalis(Nawa)

【Objective】 Grape leafhopper / Erythroneura apicalis(Nawa) is one of the most important pests in vineyards in Xinjiang which greatly affect the grape yields and fruit quality by nymphs and adults who cluster on the back of grape leaves and suck juice.Leaves turn into yellowish-white and then become shriveled,and fall in the early stage.The paper focuses on the selection of high effect biogenic pesticides to provide scientific basis for the control of E.apicalis(Nawa).【Method】The control effects of four biogenic pesticides against E.apicalis(Nawa) were evaluated in field.【Result】 Results showed that effect of 0.3% Azadirachtin EC at 500-fold is the best among four pesticides,and it is followed by 5% nature pyrethrins EC at 1 200-fold which reaches the same effect as 60 g/L spinetoram SC at 4 000-fold.The residual activity last for 7-9 d.The effects of 5% nature pyrethrins EC at 1 200-fold,and 60 g/L spinetoram at 4 000-fold are rapid and persistent,which can last for 5 days with 64% and 80% control effect after the application,respectively.【Conclusion】The four biogenic pesticides show different rapid and residual activities,and all of them can be regarded as the substitute products to replace the chemical products and used alternatively.