不同天气条件下日光温室桃树栽培环境因子的变化特征

【目的】研究桃树日光温室扣棚升温期,果实发育期温室内外环境因子的变化特征及规律。【方法】测定扣棚升温期温室内外温度变化,果实发育期晴天、沙尘天气条件下温室内外温度、湿度、光照、CO2浓度的日变化,对温室内外环境因子变化特征及规律进行分析。【结果】在桃树日光温室扣棚升温期,温室内气温、地温随外界温度升高呈逐步上升趋势;果实发育期,温室内的温度、白天湿度的变化与外界趋势一致、紧密相关;温室内光照强度随室外而变化,沙尘天气对温室内的光照强度影响较大;温室内的CO2浓度在大部分时间内都低于温室外,晴天较沙尘天下降更明显。【结论】桃树日光温室内的温湿度、光照、CO2等环境因子的变化依赖于外界且与外界环境气象条件存在相关性。扣棚升温期应注重温室内温度循序渐进升高,温室内气温和地温同步升高。果实发育期应注意晴天及时通风降温降湿,沙尘天清除棚膜、叶片上的尘土,改善温室内光照条件。此外,果实发育期还应增施CO2气肥以提高桃树的光合速率。

The Variation Characteristics of Environmental Factors in Peach Tree Greenhouses Cultivation under Different Weather Conditions

【Objective】In order to get the variation characteristics and reg ulation via studying environmental factors during temperature rising period and fruit developing period inside and outside of the peach trees greenhouse.【Method】Both the data from the parameter of temperature variation between inside and outside of the greenhouse in temperature rising period,and the daily temperatur e variation of humidity,light intensity,CO2 concentration among fruit develo pi ng period were measured and analyzed.【Result】The temperature of the air and so il inside of the greenhouse increased gradually along with outside temperature r ising during temperature rising period.The varying trend of the temperature and humidity in daytime in greenhouses was correlated with that of outside during the fru it developing period,The light intensity inside of the greenhouses varied follow ing the outside,and that was influenced seriously by the sand-dust weather.The CO2 concentration in greenhouses was always lower than that in the outside,and easily aff ec ted by the sand-dust weather.【Conclusion】The variation of the environmental factor s including temperature,humidity,illumination and CO2 concentration in peach t rees greenhouses was depended on the outside circumstance and was correlated with ou tside atmosphere.During temperature rising period,the temperature in greenhous es should be increased gradually,and both the temperatures of air and soil inside the greenhouses should be increased simultaneously.During the fruit developing period,such measures should be implemented to improve illumination circumstance in greenhouses,including properly ventilation to reduce temperature and humidit y in greenhouses,and clear dust on plastic cover and leaves in the sand-dust weather.Moreover,CO2 fertilization must be enriched inside the greenhouse to increa se the photosynthetic rate of peach trees.