杏棉间作系统棉花冠层小气候特征及棉花产量边际效应研究

【目的】为新疆喀什地区杏棉间作棉花获得高产高效优化田间配置提供实践与理论依据。【方法】在树龄为5年的杏树行间种植棉花,研究杏棉间作系统棉花冠层小气候特征及棉花产量边际效应。【结果】一天之中杏树遮荫最大长度为6.5 m,间作棉花全部被遮荫,正午最小值为1.82 m,边1行棉花受到遮荫。间作棉花冠层日均光照强度不同行间均表现为边际负效应,其中树西1行边际负效应最大,其边际效应指数为-47.50%,其余各行依次为树东1行为-27.69%、树东2行为-12.28%、树西2行为-18.93%,而且各行棉花冠层的光照强度大部分时间均低于棉花适宜生长的光照强度。间作棉花各行冠层湿度表现为离杏树越远湿度越大,棉花冠层温度则表现为树东2行>树西2行>中行>树东1行>树西1行,均在棉花的适应生长温度范围内。【结论】棉花不同行间产量差异显著,边2行棉花产量表现为边际正效应,比中行增产15.45%,边1行表现边际负效应,比中行棉花减产15.71%,杏树西边的棉花受果树遮荫的负效应影响更为明显,西边棉花平均比东边的减产12.92%。

Study on Microclimatic Characteristic of Cotton Canopy and Marginal Effect of Cotton Yield of Apricot - cotton Intercropping System

【Objective】This project aimed to provide theoretical and practical basis for apricot cotton intercropping in order to have cotton yield optimization allocation efficiency in in Kashi,Xinjiang.【Method】Planting cotton in five-year-old apricot trees,studying microclimatic characteristic of cotton canopy and marginal effect of cotton yield of apricot-cotton intercropping system.【Result】The results showed that maximum length of a day apricot shade was 6.5 m,and all intercropping cotton was shaded.The midday minimum length was 1.82 m.The edge line 1 cotton was shaded.The average diurnal light intensity of interplanting cotton canopy between different lines showed marginal negative effect,in which the negative effect of the cotton in line 1 in the west of the trees was the largest with marginal effect index of-47.50%,followed by the cotton in line 1 in the east of the tree-27.69%,line 2-12.28% and the cotton in line 2 in the west of the trees-18.93%.The light intensity of cotton canopy of each line at most time was lower than what the cotton needed for growth.Intercropping cotton canopy humidity of the line showed that the farther away from the apricot trees,the greater humidity would be.And the cotton canopy temperature was manifested in tree east line 2 > tree west line 2 > middle line > tree east line 1 > tree west line 1.These were all in the temperature range adaptable to the cotton growth.【Conclusion】Cotton yield differed significantly between different lines: the edge line 2 of cotton production showed the marginal positive effect on performance than the cotton in the middle lines,with an increased yield by 15.45%,and the edge line 1 of cotton production showed the negative effect on performance than the cotton in the middle line with yield cut by 15.71%.The cotton in the west influenced by the shade of the trees showed even more negative effect than the cotton in the east,so the average yield in the west is 12.92% lower than that in the east.